These profound individual differences in alcohol intake, reinforcement, motivation, and AUD-like behavior provide a promising tool to unravel the neurobehavioral underpinnings of individual vulnerability for AUD.
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated protective effects of breast-feeding on
childhood obesity. Differences between human milk and infant milk formula (IMF) in dietary
lipid structure may contribute to this effect. In our mouse model, feeding a diet
containing large lipid droplets coated with phospholipids (PL) (Nuturis®; PL of
milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fraction origin) in early life protected against
excessive body fat accumulation following a diet challenge in adult life. We now set out
to determine the relevance of increased droplet size and/or MFGM lipid droplet coating to
the observed anti-obesogenic effects in adult life. From day 16 to 42, male mouse pups
were exposed to diets with small (S) or large (L) lipid droplets (0·3 v.
2·9 µm average mode diameter, respectively), either without MFGM or with MFGM coating
around the lipid droplet, resulting in four groups: S (control diet), L,
Scoating and Lcoating (Nuturis® IMF diet). Mice were
subsequently challenged with a Western-style diet until dissection at postnatal day 98. A
non-challenged group served as reference (REF). We repeatedly determined body composition
between postnatal day 42 and 98. At day 98 plasma and gene expression measurements were
performed. Only the Nuturis® IMF diet (Lcoating) in early life
containing MFGM-coated large lipid droplets reduced body fat mass to a level comparable
with the REF group. These data support the notion that the structural aspects of lipids in
human milk, for example, both lipid droplet size as well as the MFGM coating, may
contribute to its reported protective effect against obesity in later life.
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