The current study compared eye fixation patterns during word and sentence processing in a consistent and an inconsistent alphabetic orthography. German and English children as well as adults matched on word reading ability read matched sentences while their eye fixation behavior was recorded. Results indicated that German children read in a more small-unit plodder-like style with more diligent first-pass reading and less re-reading. In contrast, English children read in a more large-unit explorer-like style with a greater tendency to skip words, and more regressions. Importantly, these cross-linguistic processing differences largely persisted in the adult readers. Orthographic consistency thus influences both local word recognition and global sentence processing, in developing and skilled readers.
The goal of this study was to explore whether the ability of precise mirror-inverted movements can be learned and improved with the device Mirroprep and whether practice success can be transferred to the clinical situation. Three groups of students at different levels of dental study and different achievement levels were asked to perform a drawing exercise with indirect vision using Mirroprep. Further, the group of most senior students were asked whether the motor skills learned with this device were helpful in clinical tooth preparations by use of the dental mirror. According to the test results, we were able to show that mirror-inverted motor functions can be learned and improved by practice and that it is also helpful for performing tooth preparations. Because of this, it is deemed reasonable for students to start practicing with the training device during their preclinical studies and to have their skills tested.Dr. Günter Rau is Senior Dentist,
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