Scand J Caring Sci; 2020; 34: 267-279. Dombestein H, Norheim A, Lunde Husebø AM.Understanding informal caregivers' motivation from the perspective of self-determination theory: an integrative review.Background: A long-term illness is stressful both for the person with the diagnosis and for his or her informal caregivers. Many people willingly assume the caregiving role, so it is important to understand why they stay in this role and how their motivation affects their health. Self-determination theory (SDT) is a theory of human motivation that has been successfully applied in human research domains. To our knowledge, there is no literature review on the application of SDT in a caregiver context. A systematic review of the literature could improve the understanding of motivation in caregiver work and contribute to the utility of SDT. Aim: To describe and explore empirical studies of caregivers' motivation from the perspective of self-determination theory. Methods: An integrative literature review according to Whittemore and Knafl was conducted with systematic repetitive searches in the MEDLINE, Scopus, PsychInfo, PsycNET, Chinal, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The searches were performed from May through December 2018. The PRISMA diagram was used for study selection, and papers were assessed for quality based on the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data analysis consisted of a four-stage narrative analysis method. Result: Of 159 articles, 10 were eligible for inclusion. All studies considered satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness as essential in predicting the quality of caregivers' motivation and thereby their well-being. In this review, autonomous motivation was the most important determinant of caregivers' well-being. Conclusions: Findings showed that SDT can be applied to identify, categorise, explain, predict, promote and support motivation among caregivers. This lends interesting support for SDT and promotes further study and application of the theory as a psychological approach to caregivers' health and health promotion.

It is a central feature of current Norwegian health and social care policy to see informal carers as active partners. However, research has revealed that carers often experience a lack of recognition by professionals. In 2010, the Norwegian Directorate of Health initiated a web-based competence-building programme (CBP) for health and social care practitioners aimed at facilitating collaboration with carers. The programme comprised case presentations, e-lectures, exercises and topics for discussion, and was introduced in 2012. It was flexible and free of charge. This article is based on a study (2012-2013) that followed the piloting of this CBP in four settings. The study aimed to explore factors that influenced the implementation of the programme and whether or not using it affected health and social care practitioners' attitudes and perceived capacity for collaboration with carers. The study employed a mixed-methods design. A questionnaire was distributed to all staff before and 5 months after the CBP was introduced, followed by focus group interviews with a sample of staff members and individual interviews with the leadership in the involved settings and those who introduced the programme. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, which subsequently formed the basis for the focus group interviews. The qualitative data were analysed by means of content analysis. The programme's introduction was similar across all research settings. Nevertheless, whether or not it was adopted depended to a large extent on leadership commitment and engagement. In settings where the programme's use was monitored, supported by management and formed part of on-the-job training, there seemed to be a positive impact on staff attitudes concerning collaboration with carers. Participant staff reported that their awareness of, motivation for and confidence in collaboration with carers were all strengthened. In contrast, the programme was of minimal benefit in settings with low leadership engagement.

Tittel:Factors that influence patient involvement in nursing homes: staff experiences Forfatter: Norheim A, Vinsnes A. Referanse: Norheim A, Vinsnes A. (2012) Factors that influence patient involvement in nursing homes: staff experiences. Vård i Norden. 2012;32(3):42-6. Sammendrag:Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the staff's experience with factors influencing patient involvement. Background: The focus of this study was care for frail, elderly patients in Norwegian nursing homes (NHSs). The background was an earlier quality development project where staff participated in a one-year systematic competence-building programme. Recommendations for patient involvement are part of the current legislation and ethical norms in Norway, but patients may not be able or have the opportunity to exercise their rights on every occasion. Method: Focus group interviews were conducted with a multidisciplinary team of professionals. Three groups were selected from different wards in one nursing home. Data were systematized and categorized before further analysis. Results: The results reveal the staff's descriptions of the attitudes and the environmental conditions that contribute to patient involvement. The competence-building programme raised consciousness among staff and contributed to a change in staff attitudes. Furthermore, the results also emphasize the importance of teamwork, continuity, structural conditions, time pressure, and cooperation with the next of kin when evaluating patient involvement. Conclusion: The findings of this study have the potential of contributing to the improvement of clinical practice in nursing homes.Omsorgsbiblioteket har ikke tilgang til å publisere dette dokumentet i fulltekst. Kanskje ditt lokale bibliotek kan hjelpe deg, eller kanskje du kommer videre med lenken nedenfor.Relevant lenke: https://doi

Sammendrag:Aim: This article illuminates informal carers experiences of conditions necessary to involve themselves in collaboration with staff in nursing homes. Background: Several studies show that there is a need for a better collaboration between health professionals and families. Methods: The study has a qualitative approach. Data were collected by means of interviews with eleven family members comprising wives, husbands, daughters, sons and daughters in law. The transcribed material from the interviews was analysed and categorised before interpretation. Findings: The results revealed that good communication, relationships and resources were a prerequisite for collaboration and involvement. The family members described the importance of being "seen" by the staff, but most of them deplored the lack of specific and professional information based on their individual needs. There also appeared to be a need for a clarification of roles between staff and family members to clarify what they expect from each other as a prerequisite for cooperation. Conclusion: It is required with a change in attitudes among staff to create an individual approach for informal carer involvement. Such change in attitudes may take place through systematic use of information, with time to listen to the stories told by the carers, and through that meet their needs. At the same time lack of resources and a high turn-over may influence the possibility of availability and continuity.Omsorgsbiblioteket har ikke tilgang til å publisere dette dokumentet i fulltekst. Kanskje ditt lokale bibliotek kan hjelpe deg, eller kanskje du kommer videre med lenken nedenfor.

Dementia is recognized as a public health priority because an estimated 50 million people are living with dementia worldwide (WHO, 2019). Most of these persons experience that dementia leads to increased impairments affecting memory, personality, meaningful activities, social contacts and self-care (Bjørkløf et al., 2019). Dementia symptoms can disrupt collaboration between patients and healthcare professionals. For this reason, focus often shifts to informal caregivers and relatives who become important resources for both the person with dementia (PWD) and the professionals (Garcia-Ptacek, Dahlrup, Edlund, Wijk, & Eriksdotter, 2019). Therefore, it is necessary for nurses and other healthcare professionals to be aware of caregivers' situation to identify potential