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The research findings support previously documented evidence that indicate gaps in cancer services provided to this age group. Importantly, these gaps can be narrowed by improving access to adolescent multidisciplinary teams and introducing specific training for health care professionals.

This research had its beginnings in an act of trans activism, including a campaign by a number of trans organizations advocating the need for research dealing with health, well-being and access to health services in relation to this population. This study set out to recruit the broadest possible community sample by using a range of recruitment techniques and an online survey. In total, 253 respondents completed the survey. Of these, 229 were from Australia (90.5%) and 24 (9.5%) were from New Zealand. Respondents rated their health on a five-point scale; the majority of the sample rated their health as ‘good’ or ‘very good’. On the SF36 scale, respondents had poorer health ratings than the general population in Australia and New Zealand. Respondents reported rates of depression much higher than those found in the general Australian population, with assigned males being twice as likely to experience depression as assigned females. Respondents who had experienced greater discrimination were more likely to report being currently depressed. Respondents were asked about their best and worst experiences with a health practitioner or health service in relation to being trans. They contrasted encounters where they felt accepted and supported by their practitioners with others where they were met with hostility.

Developmental goals of adolescence include attaining confidence in independent decision making and a positive image of the self, others and surrounding world. A diagnosis of cancer during adolescence has the potential to impact on successful achievement of these goals. This study examined the 'adolescent cancer experience' from the perspective of young people. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 young people (16-22 years old) who had been diagnosed with cancer during adolescence. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed two latent themes: loss of control and benefit finding. Adolescents reported that feelings of loss of control resulted in a sense of frustration, feelings of inadequacy and anger, and non-compliance with treatment. Perceived benefits of cancer experiences included improved personal attributes, strengthened relationships and material gains. These themes have not previously been well described in this population. The findings underline the need for effective communication, ongoing psychological support and service flexibility when providing care for adolescents with cancer.

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