This article oers an overview of the instrumentation techniques developed for multiphase ow analysis either in gas/liquid or in gas/liquid/solid reactors. To characterise properly such reactors, experimental data have to be acquired at dierent space scale or time frequency. The existing multiphase ow metering techniques described give information concerning reactor hydrodynamics such as pressure, phases holdups, phases velocities, ow regime, size and shape of dispersed inclusions, axial diusion coecients. The measuring techniques are presented in two groups: the non-intrusive techniques that deliver global, cross-section-averaged or local data, and the intrusive probes that are dedicated to local measurements. Eventually some examples of multiphase instrumentation development are reported (trickle-bed and slurry bubble column at semi-industrial scale) in the renery or petrochemical area.
This article oers an overview of the instrumentation techniques developed for multiphase ow analysis either in gas/liquid or in gas/liquid/solid reactors. To characterise properly such reactors, experimental data have to be acquired at dierent space scale or time frequency. The existing multiphase ow metering techniques described give information concerning reactor hydrodynamics such as pressure, phases holdups, phases velocities, ow regime, size and shape of dispersed inclusions, axial diusion coecients. The measuring techniques are presented in two groups: the non-intrusive techniques that deliver global, cross-section-averaged or local data, and the intrusive probes that are dedicated to local measurements. Eventually some examples of multiphase instrumentation development are reported (trickle-bed and slurry bubble column at semi-industrial scale) in the renery or petrochemical area.
Hot-film anemometq and an optical biprobe are used to measure local flow characteristics in the riser of an external loop airlift reactor. Important flow asymmetries are observed above the sparger and developing flow persists through a large part of the riser. As gas flow rate increases, radial gas hold-up profiles change from relatively flat to parabolic while the shape of radial liquid velocity profiles remains constant and Sauter bubble diameter increases. At large gas superficial velocities, slip velocity is found to deviate considerably from the frequently used value of 0.25 d s . Local measurements allow a better understanding of two-phase flow in airlift reactors and can be used for CFD-modeling development and validation.L'anemometrie a film chaud et une bisonde optique ont servi a caracteriser I'hydrodynamique locale de la zone ascendante d'un airlift a boucle externe. Des asymetries importantes de I'ecoulement sont observees au-dessus du distributeur et l'ecoulement se developpe dans une grande partie du riser. Avec I'augmentation du debit de gaz, les profils radiaux de taux de vide passent de relativement plats a paraboliques tandis que la forme des profils de vitesse du liquide demeure constante et que le diametre de Sauter des bulles augmente. Aux grands debits de gaz, la vitesse de glissement est considerablement differente de 0.25 m/s, valeur classiquement utilisee. Les mesures locales permettent une meilleure comprehension de I'ecoulement diphasique en reacteur airlift et peuvent itre utilisees pour le developpement et la validation de modeles de mecanique des fluides numeriques.
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