In many countries, immigrant women constitute a substantial proportion of women giving birth. With gestational diabetes being one of the most common complications in pregnancy, understanding gestational diabetes in the context of international migration becomes increasingly relevant. Here, we examine the current evidence related to international migration and gestational diabetes, including short and long-term adverse outcomes and the experiences of immigrant women with gestational diabetes care and long-term follow-up. Existing evidence focuses on immigrants in high-income countries and has mainly examined differences in risk of developing gestational diabetes or on the experiences of immigrant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Studies suggest that the risk of gestational diabetes may be influenced by migration and that immigrant women likely experience particular barriers to care and follow-up. Current research on perinatal outcomes is inconclusive and studies on long-term outcomes are practically absent. Future research should include data on country of origin and examine the role of pre- and post-migration factors in developing gestational diabetes and its associated short- and long-term outcomes. Understanding these factors will provide useful insights into improving the health and healthcare needs of migrating populations and enable inclusion of culturally appropriate healthcare practices, thereby improving the health of our current and future generations
Designing cognitive experiments that allow for meaningful comparisons between different types of displays presents significant challenges. In the current study, we successfully implemented a number of solutions to conduct a virtual reality (VR) selective attention experiment with a personal computer (PC) control condition. We focused on three aspects: input hardware, multisensory experience and the perceived output, which have posed difficulties in previous research. Input hardware pertains to how users interact with the displays, multisensory experience involves the integration of senses within the experiment, and perceived output concerns the software configurations ensuring visually equivalent scenarios. A multisensory selective attention paradigm for six-seven-year-old children was developed for VR and PC environments. We found no evidence of differences in experienced task difficulty and participant distraction measured as off-task behaviours between the conditions. However, the overall reaction time was faster for the PC control condition than the VR but this reaction time difference is unlikely to impact cognitive effects of interest. There was no evidence to suggest different multisensory attentional processing between the two conditions. We demonstrate a robust approach for effectively minimising and controlling confounding technological variables inherent in the disparities between VR and PC conditions. Practical guidance for future development of PC control conditions for VR studies are provided.
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