Job-stress recovery during nonwork time is an important factor for employee well-being. This article reviews the recovery literature, starting with a brief historical overview. It provides a definition of that differentiates between recovery as a process and recovery as an outcome. Empirical studies have shown that recovery activities (e.g., physical exercise) and recovery experiences (e.g., psychological detachment from work) are negatively associated with strain symptoms (e.g., exhaustion) and positively associated with positive well-being indicators (e.g., vigor). Recovery activities and recovery experiences suffer when employees face a high level of job stressors. Psychological mechanisms underlying recovery seem to be similar across different temporal recovery settings (e.g., work breaks, free evenings, vacations) and seem to be enhanced in natural environments. Intervention studies have pointed to a diverse set of strategies for how everyday job-stress recovery can be supported. This article discusses 5 avenues for future research, with a particular focus on individual and contextual factors that may influence recovery as well as highlighting more complex temporal patterns than those uncovered in previous research. (PsycINFO Database Record

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In this diary study, we focused on the anticipatory phase of the stress process. We investigated how work‐related worry and planning during the evening relate to next‐morning exhaustion and vigour, respectively. Moreover, we examined how afternoon workload anticipation is related to next‐morning exhaustion versus next‐morning vigour, depending on worry and planning in the evening. A sample of 112 employees took part in a daily diary study with three daily measurement occasions over two consecutive workweeks. Results of multilevel regression analyses showed that work‐related worry during the evening was positively related to next‐morning exhaustion. Moreover, worry interacted with workload anticipation in predicting next‐morning exhaustion: On days when worry was high, workload anticipation was positively related to next‐morning exhaustion. Work‐related planning was not related to next‐morning vigour and did not interact with workload anticipation in predicting next‐morning vigour. Our study suggests that work‐related worry is an important factor in the anticipatory phase of the stress process. Practitioner points On days when employees worry about their next workday during the evening, high workload may already be associated with employees’ well‐being even before employees are facing it. Worry about one’s next workday is associated with lower well‐being in the next morning, while planning one’s next workday is not associated with next‐morning well‐being. In anticipation of high workload, employees should refrain from worry about work during leisure time, for instance by engaging in absorbing leisure activities.

Summary The organizational self‐control literature usually applies resource perspectives that explain self‐control failure at work by depletion of self‐control resources. However, these perspectives neglect the role of self‐control motivation. On a daily level, we examine several self‐control aspects (resources, motivation, demands, and effort) as predictors of a manifestation of self‐control failure at work, namely, daily counterproductive work behavior toward the organization (CWB‐O). Additionally, we investigate self‐control effort as a mechanism predicting the depletion of self‐control resources throughout the day. We analyzed data from 155 employees in a 2‐week diary study with 2 daily measurement points. Multilevel path modeling showed that self‐control motivation and self‐control demands, but not self‐control resource depletion, predicted self‐control effort. There was an indirect effect from self‐control motivation on CWB‐O via self‐control effort but no indirect effect from self‐control demands on self‐control resource depletion throughout the day via self‐control effort. Findings suggest that self‐control motivation is a crucial factor explaining self‐control failure at work and cast further doubt on the idea that exerted self‐control effort is the only mechanism leading to self‐control resource depletion.

This study examined positive and negative work reflection during leisure time from a person-centered perspective using latent profile analysis. First, we examined whether quantitatively and qualitatively different work reflection profiles exist. Second, we investigated whether persons with different work reflection profiles differ in energetic well-being (i.e., exhaustion and vigor). We collected data from 1,036 young employees who answered 3 surveys with a time lag of 3 months each. We established the profile solution at the first measurement point and tested for differences in well-being at the second and third measurement point. We identified 6 work reflection profiles with 2 profiles displaying unbalanced levels of positive and negative work reflection (positive reflectors and negative reflectors) and 4 profiles displaying balanced levels of positive and negative work reflection (nonreflectors, low reflectors, moderate reflectors, and high reflectors). Analyses showed that persons differed significantly in energetic well-being depending on profile membership, with positive reflectors experiencing the highest well-being and negative reflectors experiencing the lowest well-being. Persons with balanced reflection profiles did not differ from one another in well-being. Our results provide new insights into the interplay of positive and negative work reflection during leisure time and its associations with employee well-being.

IMPORTANCE Soy isoflavone supplements are used to treat several chronic diseases, although the data supporting their use are limited. Some data suggest that supplementation with soy isoflavone may be an effective treatment for patients with poor asthma control.OBJECTIVE To determine whether a soy isoflavone supplement improves asthma control in adolescent and adult patients with poorly controlled disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between May 2010 and August 2012 at 19 adult and pediatric pulmonary and allergy centers in the American Lung Association Asthma Clinical Research Centers network. Three hundred eighty-six adults and children aged 12 years or older with symptomatic asthma while taking a controller medicine and low dietary soy intake were randomized, and 345 (89%) completed spirometry at week 24.INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly assigned to receive soy isoflavone supplement containing 100 mg of total isoflavones (n=193) or matching placebo (n=193) in 2 divided doses administered daily for 24 weeks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome measure was change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1 ) at 24 weeks. Secondary outcome measures were symptoms, episodes of poor asthma control, Asthma Control Test score (range, 5-25; higher scores indicate better control), and systemic and airway biomarkers of inflammation.RESULTS Mean changes in prebronchodilator FEV 1 over 24 weeks were 0.03 L (95% CI, −0.01 to 0.08 L) in the placebo group and 0.01 L (95% CI, −0.07 to 0.07 L) in the soy isoflavone group, which were not significantly different (P = .36). Mean changes in symptom scores on the Asthma Control Test (placebo, 1.98 [95% CI,] vs soy isoflavones, 2.20 [95% CI, 1.53-2.87]; positive values indicate a reduction in symptoms), number of episodes of poor asthma control (placebo, 3.3 [95% CI, 2.7-4.1] vs soy isoflavones, 3.0 [95% CI, 2.4-3.7]), and changes in exhaled nitric oxide (placebo, −3.48 ppb [95% CI, −5.99 to −0.97 ppb] vs soy isoflavones, 1.39 ppb [95% CI, −1.73 to 4.51 ppb]) did not significantly improve more with the soy isoflavone supplement than with placebo. Mean plasma genistein level increased from 4.87 ng/mL to 37.67 ng/mL (P < .001) in participants receiving the supplement.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among adults and children aged 12 years or older with poorly controlled asthma while taking a controller medication, use of a soy isoflavone supplement, compared with placebo, did not result in improved lung function or clinical outcomes. These findings suggest that this supplement should not be used for patients with poorly controlled asthma.

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Symptoms of anxiety among COPD patients as identified by screening questionnaires were common and significantly higher than the prevalence of anxiety disorder meeting by DSM-V criteria. The GAD-7, the HADS and the AIR questionnaires had fair to moderate psychometric properties as screening tools for anxiety in individuals with COPD, indicating the need for improved measures for this patient population.