The cell nucleus plays a key role in differentiation processes in eukaryotic cells. It is not the nucleus in particular, but the organization of the genes and their remodeling that provides the data for the adjustments to be made according to the medium. The neutrophil nucleus has a different morphology. It is a multi-lobed nucleus where some researchers argue no longer function. However, studies indicate that it is very probable the occurrence of chromatin remodeling during activation steps. It may be that the human neutrophil nucleus also contributes to the mobility of neutrophils through thin tissue spaces. Questions like these will be discussed in this small review. The topics include morphology of human neutrophil nucleus, maturation process and modifications of the neutrophil nucleus, neutrophil activation and chromatin modifications, causes and consequences of multi-lobulated segmented morphology, and importance of the nucleus in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are the main cells of the innate immunity inflammatory response. Several factors can activate or stimulate neutrophils, including platelet-activating factor (PAF), a lipid mediator. Some authors consider the activation induced by PAF priming because it triggers limited production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and it amplifies the response of the cell to a subsequent activator. The stimulation is reversible, which is critical for modulating the inflammatory response. Exacerbated inflammatory responses lead to serious diseases, such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), among others. Characterizing the stimulation of neutrophils during the possible reversion or prevention of an exaggerated inflammatory response is critical for the development of control strategies. In this study, a proteomic approach was used to identify 36 proteins that differ in abundance between quiescent neutrophils and PAFstimulated neutrophils. The identified proteins were associated with increased DNA repair processes, calcium flux, protein transcription, cytoskeleton alterations that facilitate migration and degranulation, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines and proteins that modulate the inflammatory response. Some of the identified proteins have not been previously reported in neutrophils.
Background: Neutrophils have an impressive array of microbicidal weapons, and in the presence of a pathogen, progress from a quiescent state in the bloodstream to a completely activated state. Failure to regulate this activation, for example, when the blood is flooded with cytokines after severe trauma, causes inappropriate neutrophil activation that paradoxically, is associated with tissue and organ damage. Acidic proteomic maps of quiescent human neutrophils were analyzed and compared to those of activated neutrophils from severe trauma patients. The analysis revealed 114 spots whose measured volumes differed between activated and quiescent neutrophils, with 27 upregulated and 87 downregulated in trauma conditions. Among the identified proteins, grancalcin, S100-A9 and CACNB2 reinforce observed correlations between motility and ion flux, ANXA3, SNAP, FGD1 and Zfyve19 are involved in vesicular transport and exocytosis, and GSTP1, HSPA1 HSPA1L, MAOB, UCH-L5, and PPA1 presented evidence that activated neutrophils may have diminished protection against oxidative damage and are prone to apoptosis. These are discussed, along with proteins involved in cytoskeleton reorganization, reactive oxygen species production, and ion flux. Proteins such as Zfyve19, MAOB and albumin- like protein were described for the first time in the neutrophil. In this work we achieved the identification of several proteins potentially involved in inflammatory signaling after trauma, as well as proteins described for the first time in neutrophils.
INTRODUÇÃO: A região norte do Brasil registrou 92.417 acidentes por picadas de cobra entre 2010 e 2019, desses 8349 ocorreram no Estado do Tocantins. O ofidismo no Tocantins tem alta incidência e é fortemente associado a atributos sócio demográficos e ao perfil agrícola municipal. O estudo objetiva aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o perfil epidemiológico e as agressões sofridas pelo homem por esses animais (ofídicos), no intuito de contribuir demonstrando as espécies mais agressoras, características e evolução das agressões. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de acidentes por ofídios no Tocantins entre os anos de 2010 a 2019. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, de caráter retrospectivo e quantitativo, pautado em dados secundários, extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN-Net. RESULTADOS: Houve uma variação entre os anos analisados, com o ano de 2010 como o mais notificado, com 1051 casos (12,58%) e o ano de 2017 como o menos notificado, com 661 (7,91%). A raça parda foi predominante nos casos notificados com 6515 (78,03). A faixa etária predominante foi de 20 a 39 anos, com 2820 casos (33,77%). O sexo masculino foi responsável por 6376 notificações (76,36%). Com relação a espécie das serpentes, a espécie Bothrops foi responsável por 6253(74,89%) casos.4010(48,02%) dos casos foram classificados como leves, seguido dos moderados com 3415(40,8%). Com relação a evolução dos casos, 7565 (90,6%) evoluíram para cura. CONCLUSÃO: O número alto de notificações pela espécie Brothopus, evidencia a importância sobre o conhecimento desta população. O ofidismo é um problema de saúde pública, com grande destaque para a região Norte, a qual apresenta índices elevados. Portanto, é necessário medidas de prevenção e promoção a saúde para melhorar a conduta do diagnóstico e o tratamento do agravo.
A dengue é a arbovirose urbana mais prevalente nas Américas, principalmente no Brasil, tendo uma importante relação com o ciclo das chuvas. Sendo considerada uma epidemia no país, com um aumento alarmante nos últimos anos. Entre as cinco cidades mais atingidas, as duas primeiras estão no Centro-Oeste: Goiânia (31 mil casos) e Brasília (29,9 mil). Completam a lista Palmas (9 mil), no Tocantins; São José do Rio Preto (7,4 mil) e Votuporanga (6,8 mil), ambas em São Paulo. Objetivo: O presente trabalho objetiva determinar a incidência de dengue durante o período da pandemia. Metodologia: A metodologia de pesquisa escolhida nesse estudo foi análise de dados secundários. Essa pesquisa busca a partir da coleta de dados secundários, obtidos pelo acesso web do TABNET, aplicativo de domínio público, disponibilizado pelo DATASUS/MS sem restrição de acesso. Resultados: A incidência da dengue durante o período pré-determinado teve um aumento (435,97 em 2018), (1.957,64 em 2019), (1.565,3 em 2020) e (4.459,04 em 2021).
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