No abstract

Increasing instruction time in school is a central element in the attempts of many governments to improve student learning, but prior research-mainly based on observational data-disputes the effect of this approach and points out the potential negative effects on student behavior. Based on a large-scale, cluster-randomized trial, we find that increasing instruction time increases student learning and that a general increase in instruction time is at least as efficient as an expert-developed, detailed teaching program that increases instruction with the same amount of time. These findings support the value of increased instruction time.education | randomized controlled trial | school performance | school resources

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This paper contributes to the class size literature by analyzing whether short-run class size eects are constant across grade levels in compulsory school. Results are based on administrative data on all pupils enroled in Danish public schools. Identication is based on a government-imposed class size cap that creates exogenous variation in class sizes. Signicant (albeit modest) negative eects of class size increases are found for children on primary school levels. The eects on math abilities are statistically dierent across primary and secondary school. Larger classes do not aect girls, non-Western immigrants and socioeconomically disadvantaged pupils more adversely than other pupils.

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.