Headache, cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders are common in both diseases, but otherwise there are distinct differences in NP involvement, with cerebrovascular diseases more prevalent in SLE and neuropathies more common in PSS. This indicates that some NP disease mechanisms are shared while others differ between the two diseases.

Background: Neurological manifestations appear to be frequently involved in patients with primary Sjö gren syndrome (PSS). Objective: To investigate the involvement of the peripheral nervous system, including smalldiameter nerve fibers, in an unselected cohort of patients who fulfilled the new international criteria for PSS.

Objective. Cognitive dysfunction is common in both systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Antibodies against the NR2 subtype of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NR2 antibodies) cause hippocampal atrophy and cognitive impairment in mice and have been associated with memory impairment in both patients with SLE and patients with primary SS. In addition, a reduced volume of hippocampal gray matter has been demonstrated in both SLE and primary SS. This study was undertaken to investigate whether there is a connection between the presence of anti-NR2 antibodies and hippocampal atrophy in human diseases.Methods. Fifty patients with SLE and 50 patients with primary SS underwent clinical examination and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. Anti-NR2 antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured, and hippocampal gray matter volumes were compared between patients who were positive for and those who were negative for anti-NR2 antibodies.Results. Patients with anti-NR2 antibodies in CSF had less hippocampal gray matter than patients without these antibodies. No other differences regarding gray matter volumes in other parts of the brain were identified.Conclusion. The present findings indicate that anti-NR2 antibodies in patients with SLE and primary SS cause neuronal death manifested as reduced hippocampal gray matter, as has been previously demonstrated in mice with autoimmune disease.

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Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory, autoimmune, multiorgan disease often involving the central and peripheral nervous systems. Objective: To determine whether there is a selective smalldiameter nerve fiber neuropathy in patients with SLE.

This was a negative trial. Post-hoc statistics suitable to describe the temporal changes in cluster headache indicate that conduction of future larger studies may be justified.

Increased cerebral WMH load is associated with increased fatigue, indicating a biological origin for some portion of fatigue in patients with SLE.

Migraine is more prevalent in SLE patients, associated with depression like in the general population, but not associated with disease activity or abnormalities detected on cerebral MRI, in CSF, or any SLE characteristics except from SLE photosensitivity. The inclusion of the migraine item in SLE disease activity instruments remains questionable.