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The preparation, of an extract of hog blood vessels and organs containing renin activity has been described. The extract hydrolyzes natural or synthetic renin substrate to form a vasopressor material. This reaction could not be distinguished from the hydrolysis of renin substrates by kidney renin. The activation energy, effect of substrate concentration on velocity, inhibition by antirenin, and pH optimum of the extract and of kidney renin are the same. Renin activity is found in the adventitia and media of the aorta, the liver and, to a lesser extent, in other vascular organs.

a 6-MWT of >1000 ft (305 m) prior to transplantation correlated with a shorter ICU stay (7 vs. 11 days, p = 0.046) and fewer days of mechanical ventilation (2 vs. 4, p = 0.04). A pretransplant 6-MWT greater than 750 ft (229 m) correlated with shorter overall hospitalization (37 vs. 20 days, p = 0.03). Measuring pretransplant 6-MWT tests for pediatric patients is valuable in predicting peri-operative outcomes after lung transplantation.

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1. Prazosin decreases blood pressure in normotensive, renal hypertensive and spontaneous hypertensive rats. The effect is greatest in the last-named.2. In spontaneously hypertensive rats the decrease in pressure is associated with a decrease in heart rate.3. In hypertensive patients prazosin decreases blood pressure by decreasing total peripheral resistance with minor effects on cardiac output. 4.Prazosin is effective in the long-term therapy of hypertensive patients, alone and in combination with a diuretic. The effect on blood pressure is the same in the supine and standing position.

The traditional US heroin market has transformed into a broader illegal opioid market, dominated first by prescription opioids (PO) and now also by fentanyl and other synthetic opioids (FOSO). Understanding of opioid-use disorder (OUD) has also transformed from being seen as a driver of crime to a medical condition whose sufferers deserve treatment. This creates new challenges and opportunities for the criminal justice system (CJS). Addressing inmates’ OUD is a core responsibility, including preventing overdose after release. Treatment can be supported by diversion programs (e.g., drug courts, among others) and by providing medication-assisted treatment in prison, not only as a crime-control strategy but also because of ethical and legal responsibilities to provide appropriate healthcare. The CJS also has opportunities to alter supply that were not relevant in the past, including deterring pill-mill doctors and disrupting web sites used to distribute FOSO. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 4 is January 13, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.