Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for two binary mixtures of methanol + glycerol and 1-propanol + glycerol were determined at the temperature range from (313.15 to 363.15) K using a simple quasi-static ebulliometer. All systems showed that the vapor pressures increased with increasing alcohols (methanol or 1-propanol) concentrations at corresponding system. The Wilson, Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) and Universal Quasi-Chemical (UNIQUAC) activity coefficient models were used to correlate the experimental data. Both systems showed slightly deviations from the ideal liquid phase behavior.
This study successfully improved the performance of oxidative desulfurization method to reduce sulfur content from residue oil (condensate) with modifications of oxidation and extraction steps which was repeated for several stages. Residue oil used in this study contain 386.2 ppm of initial sulfur content. In oxidation process, H2O2 as oxidizer and acid as catalyst were used within temperature range of 30–60 °C and time interval from 30 to 120 min. In extraction process, various alcohol solvents (methanol, ethanol, and propanol) were used with the temperature of 30 °C in 30 min for every residue oil ratio to solvent (v/v). The best reducing sulfur result achieved was 35.9 ppm or 90.7% desulfurization. This result was achieved after 4 recursively extractions using ethanol as solvent. This study successfully reduced sulfur content in residue oil to meet the international standard (< 50 ppm).
In this work, the vapor pressure of binary mixtures of 2-butanol + diethyl carbonate and tert-butanol + diethyl carbonate was measured in the temperature range from 303.15 to 323.15 K. The experimental apparatus used in this work was a simple quasi-static ebulliometer developed in our previous works. The reliability of this apparatus was verified by comparing the measured vapor pressures of 2-butanveol, tert-butanol, and diethyl carbonate with literature data. The comparisons showed that the vapor pressures of pure 2-butanol, tert-butanol, and diethyl carbonate were in good agreement with the literature data with average absolute deviations of 0.6, 0.6, and 0.8%, respectively. The experimental results show that the vapor pressures increased with the alcohol mole fraction for all systems studied. The experimental data were well-correlated with the Wilson, nonrandom two-liquid, and universal quasichemical activity coefficient models, giving an average absolute deviation of no more than 1.9%. The binary vapor−liquid equilibrium data obtained in this work showed a positive deviation from Raoult's law.
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