COVID-19 has disproportionately affected vulnerable populations across the U.S. Street-based sex workers are one vulnerable population whose health and impact of COVID-19 have been understudied to date. The goal of this study was to evaluate findings from a community needs assessment with street-based sex workers on impact of COVID-19 on health behaviors and social circumstances. A brief survey was developed at a community-based harm reduction and recovery services organization. Surveys were administered by peer specialists to street-based sex workers during street outreach in April and May 2020. A total of 46 surveys were analyzed. Many individuals reported continuing to do sex work and use substances during the COVID pandemic. Slightly more than a quarter of individuals ( n = 13; 28.3%) indicated using personal protective equipment while doing sex work and described challenges to using precautions when working with clients. Individuals had used marijuana ( n = 32, 71.1%), cocaine ( n = 17, 39.5%), prescription stimulants ( n = 9, 21.4%), methamphetamines ( n = 5, 11.9%), prescription opioids ( n = 12, 27.3%), street opioids ( n = 12, 27.3%), sedatives ( n = 11, 25.0%), hallucinogens ( n = 3, 6.8%), inhalants ( n = 3, 7.0%), or some other substance ( n = 4, 8.7%) in the past 30 days. About half (48.8%) reported that COVID-19 had a major impact on their lives. This study is among the first to characterize the impact of COVID-19 on street-based sex workers. From a public health standpoint, this group also represents a high-priority population given their vulnerability and close contact with others, which increases the potential for community spread.