Hypoxic hepatitis (HH), also known as ischemic hepatitis or shock liver, is characterized by centrilobular liver cell necrosis and sharply increasing serum aminotransferase levels in a clinical setting of cardiac, circulatory or respiratory failure. Nowadays it is recognized as the most frequent cause of acute liver injury with a reported prevalence of up to 10% in the intensive care unit. Patients with HH and vasopressor therapy have a significantly increased mortality risk in the medical intensive care unit population. The main underlying conditions contributing to HH are low cardiac output and septic shock, although a multifactorial etiology is found in the majority of patients. HH causes several complications such as spontaneous hypoglycemia, respiratory insufficiency due to the hepatopulmonary syndrome, and hyperammonemia. HH reverses after successful treatment of the basic HH-causing disease. No specific therapies improving the hepatic function in patients with HH are currently established. Early recognition of HH and its underlying diseases and subsequent initiation of therapy is of central prognostic importance. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic and therapeutic options of HH.

Subject. Currently, there is an increase in the prevalence of inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, including those combined with various organs and systems. The article addresses the issue of the occurrence of dental diseases in patients with ongoing somatic pathologies, in particular with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Aim — study of the epidemiological characteristics of dental diseases in patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Methodology. Since 2015, an epidemiological study of 116 patients (87 in the main group and 29 in the comparison group) was conducted. The age range is 40-60 years, in the ratio of 57 % of women and 43 % of men. For each patient, an individually developed map was filled in which the indices of the solid and soft tissues of the oral cavity were noted, as well as microbial and cytological data. Also, each patient completes the Ohip-14 dental questionnaire. Results. Lesions of caries and its complications in all groups had a similar character. The prevalence of periodontal and oral mucosa diseases is 27.6 % higher in patients with coronary heart disease. Assessing the papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA), the level of differences in the groups was 15.5 %. Analysis of the periodontal index (PI) revealed intergroup differences of 16.6 %. The most significant differences were found in the processing of data on the need for treatment of periodontal disease (CPITN), which amounted to 40.7 %. The results of the Schiller—Pisarev test confirmed the propensity for inflammatory processes in the gums in patients with cardiovascular pathology. Evaluating the results of the Kulazhenko test, one can speak of a sharp decrease in the resistance of capillaries in periodontal tissues in cardiac patients, the level of differences was 56.6 %. Conclusion. Summing up the epidemiological characteristics of the prevalence of the considered dental indicators, one can speak of a greater propensity for periodontal disease and oral mucosa in cardiac patients, which is confirmed by periodontal indices and samples. Also, patients with cardiac diseases are 20.3 % worse than life quality indicators.

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