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NBOMes are N-benzylmethoxy derivatives of the 2C family hallucinogens. 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25I-NBOMe) is one of the commonly used illicit drugs. It exhibits high binding affinity for 5-HT 2A/C and 5-HT 1A serotonin receptors. Activation of 5-HT 2A receptor induces head-twitch response (HTR) in rodents, a behavioral marker of hallucinogen effect in humans. There is not much data on neurochemical properties of NBOMes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of 25I-NBOMe on extracellular level of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and glutamate (GLU) in the rat frontal cortex, tissue contents of monoamines, and hallucinogenic activity in rats. The extracellular levels of DA, 5-HT, and GLU were studied using microdialysis in freely moving animals. The tissue contents of DA, 5-HT and their metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in the rat frontal cortex. We also tested a drug-elicited HTR. 25I-NBOMe at doses 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg (sc) increased extracellular DA, 5-HT, and GLU levels, enhanced tissue content of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, but did not affect tissue level of DA and its metabolites. The compound exhibited an inverted U -shaped dose-response curve with respect to the effect on extracellular DA and 5-HT levels, but a U -shaped dose-response curve was observed for its effect on GLU release and HTR. The data from our study suggest that hallucinogenic activity of 25I-NBOMe seems to be related with the increase in extracellular GLU level-mediated via cortical 5-HT 2A receptors. The influence of 25I-NBOMe on 5-HT 2C and 5-HT 1A receptors may modulate its effect on neurotransmitters and HTR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12640-019-00033-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Transition metal reactivity toward carbon–hydrogen (C–H) bonds hinges on the interplay of electron donation and withdrawal at the metal center. Manipulating this reactivity in a controlled way is difficult because the hypothesized metal-alkane charge-transfer interactions are challenging to access experimentally. Using time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy, we track the charge-transfer interactions during C–H activation of octane by a cyclopentadienyl rhodium carbonyl complex. Changes in oxidation state as well as valence-orbital energies and character emerge in the data on a femtosecond to nanosecond timescale. The x-ray spectroscopic signatures reflect how alkane-to-metal donation determines metal-alkane complex stability and how metal-to-alkane back-donation facilitates C–H bond cleavage by oxidative addition. The ability to dissect charge-transfer interactions on an orbital level provides opportunities for manipulating C–H reactivity at transition metals.

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Thermogravimetry, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for the studying of thermally induced structural changes of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) deposited on the surface of SBA-15 type mesoporous silica. Polymer was introduced onto the support by the precipitation polymerization of acrylonitrile in aqueous suspension of SBA-15. Low temperature transformation (to 723 K) of the deposited PAN was analyzed. It was found that at about 523 K, exothermic cyclization of polymer chains to the so-called ladder form of PAN occurred. However, the total cyclization of PAN required higher carbonization temperatures, at which gradual dehydrogenation followed by graphitization was initiated. XPS revealed that the cyclic form of PAN and a relatively large amount of carbonyl species, formed during the carbonization of the PAN/SBA-15 composite at 623 K, were responsible for the high sorption capacity in the methylethyl ketone (MEK) vapor elimination. The efficiency in the MEK adsorption was also influenced by the content of PAN-derived carbon deposited on the SBA-15 surface.Keywords Thermal transformation of polyacrylonitrile Á SBA-15 support Á Thermogravimetry Á X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Á Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy Á Adsorption of volatile organic compounds

A novel method of synthesis of mesoporous, polymer-derived CMK-3 carbon replica was proposed. Instead of a multi-stage, time-consuming and toxic solvent involving procedure, the direct, acid-catalyzed precipitation polycondensation of furfuryl alcohol to poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA), as the carbon precursor, in the pore system of SBA-15 silica was used. The optimal PFA/SBA-15 mass ratio resulting in the complete pore filling was found. The final carbon material was obtained by carbonization of the formed composite and subsequent removal of silica by treatment with HF. Low-temperature sorption of nitrogen, powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of well-ordered, hexagonal carbon mesostructure. The produced CMK-3 exhibited the presence of oxygencontaining surface groups, recognized as mainly carbonyl and carboxyl species by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption. The presence of these * Corresponding author. Tel: +48 12 6632006; Fax: +48 12 6340515. E-mail address: kustrows@chemia.uj.edu.pl (P. Kuśtrowski) 2 groups caused the mesoporous carbon to be catalytically active in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene.

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