To exploit the sharing benefits, the scarce regenerators are used for both regeneration and wavelength conversion (WC) leading to a sharing of functionalities. Also, the shared path protection mechanism is exploited to ensure survivability against single-link failures and make the sharing of network resources (regenerators and wavelengths) possible. The paper presents a novel distributed scheme (DISTR) for reservation of regenerators and wavelengths in generalized multi-protocol label switching controlled WSONs, in order to ensure the required level of QoT and survivability. Novel objects and selection strategies for the resource reservation protocol with traffic engineering extensions are proposed and evaluated. The DISTR scheme effectively combines regeneration and WC points, leading to a noticeable reduction of the regeneration usage with respect to the existing schemes. Moreover, a significant reduction of the blocking probability is achieved, independently of the wavelength selection strategy used.
Abstract-The increasing amount of traffic in the Internet has been accommodated by the exponential growth of bandwidth provided by the optical networks technologies. However, such a growth has been also accompanied by an increase in the energy consumption and the concomitant green house gases (GHG) emissions. Despite the efforts for improving energy efficiency in silicon technologies and network designs, the large energy consumption still poses challenges for the future development of Internet. In this paper, we propose an extension of the Open Shortest Path First -Traffic Engineering (OSPF-TE) protocol and a greenaware routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) algorithm for minimizing the GHG emissions by routing connection requests through green network elements (NE). The network behavior and the performance of the algorithm are analyzed through simulations under different scenarios, and results show that it is possible to reduce GHGs emissions at the expense of an increase in the path length, and, in some cases, in the blocking probability. The trade-off between emissions and performance is studied. To the authors knowledge, this is the first work that provides a detailed study of a green-aware OSPF protocol.
This paper proposes extensions to the OSPF-TE protocol to enable green routing in GMPLS-controlled optical networks. Simulation results show a remarkable reduction in CO 2 emissions by preferring network elements powered by green energy sources in the connection routing. I. INTRODUCTIONThe growing energy consumption and emissions of CO 2 in the networks are becoming major issues for network development. This paper focuses on the network operation level, utilizing Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) control plane in optical core networks. Smart Grid power distribution networks will enable telecommunication networks to be aware of the energy source which is currently powering them. The availability of green energy sources (which emit little or no CO 2 ) can be greatly influenced by natural phenomena, such as sunlight, wind and tide, or by geographic location, like hydro-electrical and geothermal power plants. Thus, in order to operate the network in a greener manner, it is necessary to have the energy sources information spread and updated in the whole network area, which can influence the routing decision process. In this paper, an extension is proposed for the Open Shortest Path First -Traffic Engineering (OSPF-TE) [1] protocol, and the impact of energy sources information on the network CO 2 emissions is discussed. Simulations are conducted in a dynamic network environment, and analysis of network performance is presented, where the green energy source availability changes in time.
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