Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease and the leading cause of cervical cancer. The undeniable causal link between HPV and cervical cancer led to the creation of HPV prophylactic vaccines. Health professionals are key in counseling parents about their children's immunization, as they are considered valid and reliable sources of information. The systematic review aimed to determine doctors' and nurses' knowledge of HPV, their awareness of the vaccine, and their willingness to accept vaccination. Systematic studies were conducted from 2015 to January 2022 in Medline/PubMed and Google Scholar online databases. The systematic review included 10 good-quality cross-sectional studies and a total of 6700 participants who were administered self-administered questionnaires or personal interviews. From the analysis of most of the studies, it is demonstrated that health professionals have a satisfactory level of knowledge about HPV infection and its effects on human health, even if their knowledge gap in essential details regarding the virus and HPV vaccination is apparent. It was found that various factors regarding health professionals, such as their specialty, gender, working environment, weekly working hours, and the interval since their last HPV training, contribute to forming their knowledge level about HPV and vaccination. In addition, most studies show that most healthcare professionals knew about the existence of HPV vaccines but did not know many details about how their work and their potential benefits. In conclusion, the provision of counseling by health professionals is currently estimated to be the strongest predictor of target group compliance with the HPV vaccine. Consequently, it is essentially considered to investigate the HPV-related knowledge level among health workers and to intensively reeducate them regarding the HPV infection risks and the necessity of HPV vaccination to improve their awareness and strengthen their attitude in favor of vaccination against cervical cancer.
The rupture of ectopic ovarian pregnancy accompanied by massive intra-abdominal bleeding is a rare obstetric complication, occurs predominantly in the first trimester of pregnancy, and can be dangerous and life-threatening for the pregnant woman. Our case describes a 37yr old woman with a history of 4 lower segment Cesarian sections (LSCS) (Caesarean sections) and multiple surgical abortions, presenting at the ER with acute abdomen symptoms. The patient's hemodynamic status was unstable. The positive urine pregnancy test combined with the clinical and ultrasound findings established the diagnosis of the ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and immediate surgical treatment was decided. During surgery, a large amount of blood was found in the peritoneal cavity, resulting from a rupture of the right ovary and accompanied by hemorrhagic infiltration of adjacent tissues, without participation in the damage of the ipsilateral fallopian tube. It was deemed necessary to remove the ipsilateral adnexa and whole blood transfusion. The patient was discharged from our department on the fourth postoperative day. The price of beta-chorionic gonadotropic hormone was on a downward trend. Three weeks later, the level of beta-chorionic gonadotropic hormone was zero. In the present paper, a brief review is attempted regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for patients with ruptured ectopic ovarian pregnancy after describing the case.
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