Preterm birth may result from overlapping causes including maternal age, health, previous obstetric history and a variety of social factors. We aimed to identify factors contributing to preterm birth in respect to new social and environmental changes in the reproductive patterns. Our cross-sectional study included 495 mother–infant pairs and was based on maternal self-reporting in an originally developed questionnaire. Neonates were divided into two groups: 72 premature babies (study group) and 423 full-term babies (control group). We analyzed maternal, sociodemographic and economic characteristics, habits, chronic diseases, previous obstetric history and pregnancy complications. For statistical analysis, Pearson’s Chi-squared independence test was used with a statistical significance level of 0.05. Preterm births were more common among mothers living in villages (p < 0.001) and with lower education level (p = 0.01). Premature births were also positively associated with mothers who were running their own businesses (p = 0.031). Mothers with a history of previous miscarriages gave birth at a significantly older age (p < 0.001). The most frequent pregnancy complications were hypothyroidism (41.4%), pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus (DM; 17.8%) and hypertension (8.1%). Pregestational DM significantly influenced the occurrence of prematurity (p < 0.05). Pregestational DM, being professionally active, a lower education level and living outside cities are important risk factors of prematurity.
Background: Polish perinatal care is facing a high, ever-increasing cesarean section (CS) rate that is currently at 43%. Crucially, reports have revealed that the attitudes, experiences, and skills of clinicians directly contribute to this elevated CS rate. Methods: This cross-sectional study, which included 748 Polish medical students, aimed to identify medical students’ attitudes regarding birth methods. A descriptive questionnaire was distributed via the academic email addresses of surveyed medical students. Group comparisons were performed using Welch’s t-test for continuous data or a Chi-squared test for categorical data. We also used the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis H test. Results: Midwifery students (96.2%) were the most unified group of students, with most agreeing that VB (vaginal birth) presents a safer option for women at low risk for VB-related complications vs. cesarean section. Of Medical Faculty students, 68% believed that fewer complications typically occur during vaginal birth than during CS. Students in their final vs. initial years of study furthermore considered VB more beneficial for women than CS. Conclusions: An important factor identified at the individual clinician level is the presence of leadership and executive support. For medical students, we can interpret this as support from their trainers and supervisors.
Aim of the study: To recognize the impact of aesthetic gynaecology treatments on women's sexual life. Material and methods: The research was carried out in private gynaecological offices. The research material consisted of a group of 97 patients. The study uses a method of a diagnostic survey with the use of a research tool of our own authorship and questions characterizing the demographic and social data of the respondents. The survey questionnaire consisted of 20 closed questions with the possibility of single or multiple choice. Results: The analysis showed a relationship between the performed procedure and the impact on sexual satisfaction and female self-esteem (p < 0.05): the procedure significantly influenced sexual satisfaction in 69% of women and self-esteem in 76% of women. The main factors influencing the decision about undergoing plastic surgery were decreased self-esteem in 41%, no sexual satisfaction during sexual intercourse in 32%, and ailments related to relaxation of the vagina in 27%. Conclusions: Aesthetic gynaecology significantly affects the quality of women's sexual life. The main factors influencing a woman's decision to undergo an aesthetic treatment are reduced self-esteem, lack of sexual satisfaction, ailments related to vaginal relaxation, and urinary incontinence. The aesthetic procedure performed increases the woman's self-esteem, the frequency of her sexual activity, and the possibility of achieving orgasm. Women who have decided to undergo a procedure in the field of aesthetic gynaecology can accept the higher costs of this procedure.
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