Generally Early Triassic floras are believed to be depauperate, suffering from protracted recovery following the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Here we present palynological data of an expanded East Greenland section documenting recovered floras in the basal Triassic (Griesbachian) and a subsequent fundamental floral turnover, postdating the Permian–Triassic boundary extinction by about 500 kyrs. This event is marked by a swap in dominating floral elements, changing from gymnosperm pollen-dominated associations in the Griesbachian to lycopsid spore-dominated assemblages in the Dienerian. This turnover coincides with an extreme δ13Corg negative shift revealing a severe environmental crisis, probably induced by volcanic outbursts of the Siberian Traps, accompanied by a climatic turnover, changing from cool and dry in the Griesbachian to hot and humid in the Dienerian. Estimates of sedimentation rates suggest that this environmental alteration took place within some 1000 years. Similar, coeval changes documented on the North Indian Margin (Pakistan) and the Bowen Basin (Australia) indicate the global extent of this crisis. Our results evidence the first profound disruption of the recovery of terrestrial environments about 500kyrs after the Permian–Triassic extinction event. It was followed by another crisis, about 1myrs later thus, the Early Triassic can be characterised as a time of successive environmental crises.

Citation for published item:pietzD F nd ruguetD gF nd fendleD tFeF nd islD wF nd qllherD gF nd rerfortD vF nd tmiesonD F nd wrt¡ %nezEqriD eF nd wglymontD iFvF nd ekD FvF nd rhlD pFqF nd ossiD F nd uedD qF nd nsonEfrrerD eF nd osellEwel¡ eD eF @PHIPA 9goEvrition of renrheol nd rnhed qhqs in glollyEdistriuted mrine nd freshwter sedimentry rhivesF9D qlol nd plnetry hngeFD WPEWQ F ppF PUSEPVSF Further information on publisher's website: httpXGGdxFdoiForgGIHFIHITGjFgloplhFPHIPFHSFHPH Publisher's copyright statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Global and planetary change. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A denitive version was subsequently published in Global and planetary change, 92-93, 2012Global and planetary change, 92-93, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016Global and planetary change, 92-93, /j.gloplacha.2012 Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. findings from this large-scale data set suggest that a common or mixed source for both 56GDGT types is actually commonplace in lacustrine and marine settings.

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