Aim To investigate the effect of a musical intervention on neonatal stress response to venepuncture as measured by salivary cortisol levels and pain profile scores. Methods In a randomised control crossover trial, participants were randomised to both a control arm (sucrose) and intervention arm (sucrose and music) for routine venepuncture procedures. Salivary swabs were collected at baseline, 20 minutes post‐venepuncture and 4 hours post‐venepuncture. Pain levels were assessed using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP). A total of 16 preterm neonates participated in both arms to complete the study. Results Cortisol values were elevated at all timepoints in the intervention arm (baseline, 20 minutes, and 4 hours post‐procedure) but not significantly so (P = .056, P = .3, and P = .575, respectively). Median change in cortisol values from baseline was +128.48 pg/mL (−47.66 to 517.02) at 20 minutes and +393.52 pg/mL (47.88‐1221.34) at 4 hours post‐procedure in the control arm compared to −69.564 pg/mL (−860.96 to 397.289) and +100.48 pg/mL (−560.46 to 842.99) at 20 minutes and 4 hours post‐procedure in the intervention arm. There was no statistically significant difference observed between groups (P = .311 at 20 minutes, and P = .203 at 4 hours post‐procedure). PIPP scores were not significantly different between study arms. Conclusion Our findings did not support the additional benefit of music intervention on neonatal stress response to venepuncture in preterm infants.
Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, adapted for preterm infants. These features were mean NN (ms), SDNN (ms), mean VLF (ms2), mean LF (ms2), mean HF (ms2), LF/HF ratio and TINN (ms).These HRV features were then individually tested for group differences among the outcome groups using the appropriate Mann-Whitney U test. Results Nine of the twenty-eight babies developed IVH. 4 infants had Grade 1 and 5 infants had Grade 2 IVH. None of the infants had a severe IVH (grade 3/4).Overall there was no difference in all features between the two individual time points for the group overall.There were no statistically significant differences in the features between infants with and without low grades of IVH. Conclusions We found no association between HRV characteristics at 6 and 12 hours of age and low grades of IVH in preterm infants less than 32 weeks. Future work is needed to explore the relationship between HRV and severe IVH (grade 3/4).
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