The discovery of abundant plasmodesmata at the bundle sheath/phloem interface in Oleaceae (Gamalei, 1974) and Cucurbitaceae (Turgeon et al., 1975) raised the questions as to whether these plasmodesmata are functional in phloem loading and how widespread symplasmic loading would be. Analysis of over 800 dicot species allowed the definition of “open” and “closed” types of the minor vein phloem depending on the abundance of plasmodesmata between companion cells and bundle sheath (Gamalei, 1989, 1990). These types corresponded to potential symplasmic and apoplasmic phloem loaders, respectively; however, this definition covered a spectrum of diverse structures of phloem endings. Here, a review of detailed cytological analyses of minor veins in 320 species from the subclass Asteridae is presented, including data on companion cell types and their combinations which have not been reported previously. The percentage of Asteridae species with “open” minor vein cytology which also contain sieve-element-companion cell complexes with “closed” cytology, i.e., that show specialization for both symplasmic and apoplasmic phloem loading, was determined. Along with recent data confirming the dissimilar functional specialization of structurally different parts of minor vein phloem in the stachyose-translocating species Alonsoa meridionalis (Voitsekhovskaja et al., 2009), these findings suggest that apoplasmic loading is indispensable in a large group of species previously classified as putative symplasmic loaders. Altogether, this study provides formal classifications of companion cells and of minor veins, respectively, in 24 families of the Asteridae based on their structural features, opening the way to a close investigation of the relationship between structure and function in phloem loading.

The article gives an overview of the limnological research historyat INEP KSC RAS since the late 1980s. until now. The most important results of complex work are presented, including the study of the hydrochemical composition of water and bottom sediments, as well as biota (plankton, benthos and fish) of the Murmansk region lakes. The prospects for the scientific research development of are shown.

The territory of the Kenozersky National Park (Arkhangelsk region) is complex area due to diverse geologic and geomorphologic conditions and long history of agricultural practices. Heterogenic vegetation cover is typical for the whole territory. Five maps of key plots in a scale of 1 : 10 000 were made and the typological units (associations, subassociations and their variants) were shown. To show the vegetation cover on a generalized map in a scale of 1 : 200 000 the types of combinations of plant communities were used. These combinations are characteristic for the particular landscape patterns. Differentiating, characteristic and associated syntaxa of the combination types were revealed. The legend to the vegetation map (scale of 1 : 200 000) got two hierarchical levels. The highest hierarchical unites are represented by 7 types of combinations of vegetation; large mire systems are unified into two types according to prevailing combinations of mire vegetation. Types of vegetation combinations are divided into plakor and alluvial variants; they have three variants of transformation degree distinguished by a present state of plant cover and the land use history. Thus, each type of combinations got up to 6 variants that are the basic mapping units. The obtained territorial units of vegetation cover are largely the same as mapping units of the landscape map of the Kenozersky National Park. But they represent the original botanic-geographic data and their contours borders are different.

The Rybachy and the Sredny Peninsulas are the northernmost part of Murmansk Region in the European part of Russia. While the most part of the Region is covered by boreal forest, the Peninsulas are covered by tundra. The vegetation and flora of Murmansk Region are well studied at present. The Peninsulas were first studied in 1829 by a Finnish botanist Jacob Fellman. The most comprehensive research was conducted in the late 19th - early 20th century. Nevertheless, the species composition of the Peninsulas' flora has changed significantly over the past 100 years due to land use and climate change. The aim of this dataset is to make the data on species occurrences for this territory digitally available via GBIF. To date, more or less complete digital floristic data were provided only by the project for digitising the book "Flora of Murmansk Region" (1953–1966). The present dataset is a part of the project studying the vegetation of the territory. We recorded the information about species frequency and distribution using the relevé method. We present a dataset based on 991 relevés from all vegetation types, which includes 16,289 records of georeferenced plant occurrences that belong to 568 species. There are 23 species of lichens (Ascomycota), 142 species of mosses (Bryophyta), three species of liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and 400 species of vascular plants (Tracheophyta) in the present dataset. The taxonomic diversity and unevenness result from the vegetation sampling. The data were collected in 2008, 2009, 2011, 2014 and 2015. The dataset cannot be considered as a complete vegetation database or a flora checklist, but it contains the occurrences and frequencies of the species from all the vegetation types.

Eighty-six important findings of 54 species of vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and fungi acquired lately from the Murmansk Region are reported. The findings were defined as important if they were red-listed in Russia and/or Murmansk Region, new for the protected areas, represented other particularly rare species known from not more than five locations in the Murmansk Region as well as northernmost localities in Europe or globally. Three fungal species (Phaeolus schweinitzii, Phellodon niger, Polyozellus vepallidosporus), one lichenicolous fungi (Tremella hypogymniae), four lichens (Bryoria americana, Protoparmelia ochrococca, Tremella hypogymniae, Xylographa rubescens, Umbilicaria crustulosa), and one liverwort species (Scapania sphaerifera) were found in the region for the second time. New localities were found for three species of fungi (Boletopsis grisea,

No abstract

Рассмотрено распространение видов грибов, лишайников, мхов, печеночников и сосудистых растений, внесенных в Красные книги Мурманской области (ККМо) и России (ККРФ) в мурманской части Зеленого пояса Фенноскандии (ЗпФ). Здесь зарегистрирован 261 вид (8 видов грибов, 57 -лишайников, 31 -печеночников, 55 -мхов и 110 -сосудистых растений), включенный в ККМо, что составляет 63,5 % от общего числа «краснокнижных» видов, и 17 видов (4 -лишайников, 5печеночников, 1 -мхов и 7 -сосудистых растений), включенных в ККРФ. В границах оопТ представлены 17 из 30 видов, внесенных в ККРФ, и 218 видов из 411, внесенных в ККМо, что свидетельствует о высокой роли оопТ ЗпФ в сохранении биоразнообразия региона. наиболее созологически значимыми для большинства анализируемых групп являются заказник «Кутса», заповедник «пасвик» и природный парк «полуострова Рыбачий и средний». Местонахождения 43 «краснокнижных» видов не найдены в границах существующих оопТ, в том числе таких редких в Мурманской области, как Peltigera lyngei, Carex atherodes, Botrychium lanceolatum, Lomatogonium rotatum, Draba nivalis, D. lactea, Flaviporus citrinellus, Skeletocutis lilacina, Chaenothecopsis fennica, Frullania tamarisci, Scapania simmonsii, Rhabdoweisia fugax, Tortula mucronifolia, Tanacetum bipinnatum и др.). для сохранения популяций редких и уязвимых видов в качестве первоочередных мер необходимо реорганизовать с расширением границ заказник «Кутса» в одноименный природный парк и изменить границы природного парка «полуострова Рыбачий и средний». К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: Красная книга Мурманской области; особо охраняемые природные территории; грибы; лишайники; печеночники; мхи; сосудистые растения; Зеленый пояс Фенноскандии.

The Rybachiy and Sredniy peninsulas are situated at the 69th latitude and bounded by the Barents Sea. Their territories belong to the subarctic tundra. Coastal vegetation is the case of the azonal one, which is regularly disturbed by sea. The aim of the study is to find out the coastal plant communities diversity and investigate ecological and floristic features of the vegetation types. The classification, based on 99 original relevés using TWINSPAN algorithm and following analytical revision, was carried out with Braun-Blanquet approach. The plant communities were classified into 5 associations and one community type. These syntaxa belong to 4 alliances, 4 orders, and 3 classes (Cakiletea maritimae R. Tüxen et Preising in R. Tüxen 1950, Honckenyo peploidis–Leymetea arenarii R. Tüxen 1966, Juncetea maritimi Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Roussine et Negre 1952). There is a special change in coastal vegetation while moving away from sea. Therefore, it is a case of local zonality. The halo-nitrophilous communities of ass. Atriplicetum lapponicae on sandy and shingle wash margins with seaweed debris are common for the low-level beaches. Further from sea they are changing by communities of all. Mertensio maritimae–Honcke­nyion diffusae. The sea influence gradually decrea­ses, but amount of seaweed debris is still high on the coastal sand dunes that is a common place for ass. Honckenyo diffusae–Leymetum arenarii. The communities of Ligusticum scoticum–Festuca rubra com. type cover the higher-level beaches. The nitrophilous species are common for low-level beaches but they are almost absent in high-level phytocoenoses which are considered being an intermediate stage between monodominant seashore grasslands of ass. Honckenyo diffusae–Leymetum arenarii and multispecies high-level seashore meadows (Koroleva et al., 2011). The Rybachiy and Sredniy peninsulas coastal ve­getation seems to be common with another arctic/subarctic areas but having more similarities with western coasts. Communities of ass. Atriplicetum lapponicae have not been marked for Murmansk region, and probab­ly do not occur to the east of the peninsulas (Koroleva, 2006; Koroleva et al., 2011; Matveyeva, Lavrinenko, 2011). However, they are common in western areas (Northern Norway and apparently Iceland) (Tüxen, 1970; Thannheiser, 1974). Silty and sandy low-level salt marshes belong to ass. Puccinellietum phryganodis. Ass. Puccinellietum coarctatae (syn. Puccinellietum retroflexae Nordh. 1954) communities are found on the shingle low and middle level salt mar­shes. The further decreasing of salt seawater influence results in ass. Junco gerardii–Caricetum glareosae community formation. They occupy middle and high level of salt marshes. Communities of associations Puccinellietum phryganodis and Puccinellietum coarctatae on low and middle salt marsh levels are widespread in arctic and subarctic zones (Thannheiser, 1974; Koroleva et al., 2011; Matveyeva, Lavrinenko, 2011). There is an interesting notice that communities of widespread ass. Caricetum subspathaceae were not found on the studied area. The diagnostic species of this association – Carex subspathacea – vegetated only in Junco gerardii–Caricetum glareosae communities. The reason of such phenomenon could be a small area occupied by salt marsh communities on the Rybachiy and Sredniy peninsulas, which turns out that all vegetation types cannot completely evolve.