The ageing population all over the world requires much greater attention than it receives from many businesses, including packaging industry. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the specific needs, requirements, and expectations of older consumers, particularly those related to the labelling and ergonomics, so as to shape the food packaging characteristics. In this way, consumers' satisfaction and hence the brand loyalty can be built. The aim of the study was to analyse the needs of older consumers related to food packaging handling and other corresponding issues, as well as to develop guidelines for food producers. The research consisted of two stages: a survey that covered a group of 600 consumers aged 60 and older in southern Poland and individual in‐depth interviews (IDIs) carried out among 60 people over the age of 60 in southern Poland. The outcomes of this consumer research indicated the need for changes in food packaging designed for older consumers, especially in consideration of the physical limitations for its handling before and after the product purchase. Food producers should also pay particular attention to the problems connected with packaging as a source of information. Moreover, they should make modifications in packaging ergonomics, especially in terms of size, shape, and opening and closing features. According to respondents, packaging material should be safe for health but not necessarily environmentally friendly.

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The conceptual framework of bioeconomy advances sustainability by ensuring that environmental, social, and economic goals are met. Although numerous authors perceive bioeconomy as a key sector to achieve sustainable transformation, there is a lack of a comprehensive set of factors determining sustainable entrepreneurship in the bioeconomy sector. This study aims to identify factors influencing business strategies for sustainable entrepreneurship in the bioeconomy sector. This study uses the triangulation of research methods, including the entrepreneurial discovery process, as well as multiple-criteria methods of the pairwise comparison and the analytic hierarchy process. This study serves as grounds for the identification of priority factors influencing the choice of relevant business strategies in the bioeconomy. Within the framework of the research, five core factors are specified: economic-and-financial, market, technological, ecological, organization-and-human resources, and legal. The findings reveal that the most significant factors are economic-and-financial and market factors that determine the choice of innovative and offensive strategies by bioeconomy enterprises. These strategies impact entrepreneurial decision-making processes in the environmental and social areas, and they contribute to the development of more sustainable and entrepreneurial ecosystems. To advance the research on sustainable entrepreneurship, different theoretical perspectives are combined, including economics, strategic management, and innovation perspective.

Quality of decisions depends largely on the ability to correctly define and assess the problem. In the case of complex issues, it is recommended to use decision support methods, e.g. multicriteria methods. The objective of this paper is to report the studies related to the influence of the graphic form of the 9-point, fundamental Saaty's comparison scale used in the AHP method on the consistency of judgments, that is, to measure the fraction of judgments with CR>0,10. Since the AHP is one of the most frequently used decision support methods in management, in terms of modeling decision problems, there is a need to explore one of its most frequently discussed problemsinconsistency of results. It will improve the quality of decisions made with the use of this tool. The empirical study was conducted among 540 respondents, using the AHP method. Due to errors in filling in the questionnaire, only 424 questionnaires were included in further analysis. Individual model was prepared and analyzed for each respondent. All results were then entered into a spreadsheet and subjected to statistical analysis. It examines four most commonly used graphic forms of scale (specifically: numerical, two-stage tabular verbal, tabular verbal horizontal and vertical). Chi-square test and F-test showed no significant difference between them in relation to the existence of inconsistent results (CR > 0.1). It allows suggest that the form of graphic scale does not affect the consistency of answers. However, additional analysis showed that it affects errors in questionnaires.