Presented are the experimental data on the effect of biofungicides on seed infection and mycoflora of winter wheat seeds of varieties ‘Levada’ and ‘Podolyanka’. The phytostudy which was conducted allowed to determine the presence of micromycetes such as Alternaria alternata (infection rate 6.8–19.5 %), Tilletia caries (1–2 %), Fusarium spp. (0.5–3.5 %), Cladosporium herbarum (1.5–3.5 %), Bipolaris sorokiniana (1.0–4.8 %), Mucor spp. (1.5–12 %), Penicillium spp. (0.5–1.5 %), and Aspergillus spp. (1–1.5 %) on the seeds. The trend to decrease laboratory germination and lower infection rate was observed after the seeds were treated with biofungicides Gaubsin, Planriz, and Trichodermin. The positive effect of the biofungicides on the morphometric parameters of two-weeks-old plants was observed: 1.6 to 2 times increase in height, 2.1 to 2.8 times increase in the lengths of the roots, and 2.7 to 4.4 and 3.4 to 5.5 times increase in phytomass, respectively. The positive effect of Trichodermin on developing winter wheat plants was noted.
The results of many years of field research on the effect of stocking density of different types of Echinacea spp. on its productivity are discussed. It was found that when the Echinacea purpurea crops were thickened, the collected raw material had a high percentage (more than 50%) of stems, which negatively affected its quality. An increase in the density of Echinacea pallida crops has less effect on the formation of generative shoots. Long-term research has revealed patterns that determine the productivity of Echinacea spp. at different planting densities. This made it possible to calculate and recommend for production the density of plants at which the optimal yield of the agrocenosis will be achieved: for Echinacea purpurea – 100-110 thousand/ha, and for Echinacea pallida – 120-140 thousand/ha.
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