Since 2005, Hungary has a comprehensive central identification solution. The Client Gate is capable of identifying citizens for any public authority that connects to it. The Client Gate is very popular and useful tool for identification among citizens for electronic transaction. Today approximately 2.4 million clients have a Client Gate account. However, many have an aversion towards the online administration. They can choose the personal administration or they can use their mobile phone for administration. Since the beginning of 2016, the new electronic ID card integrates personal identification, social security and tax identification information which is also suitable for providing an electronic signature. These two new identification options are available to citizens, including the newly introduced national eID card, as well as the Partial Code Telephone Authentication. A half years about a million new eID card has been claimed for the citizens. However, the telephone authentication is less popular. In Hungary, the new electronic administration is based on the "Regulated Electronic Administrative Services” (Hungarian short name SZEÜSZ) since 2012. The new central identification solution, the Central Authentication Agent as one of the Regulated Electronic Administrative Service has been launched that supports the use of different electronic identification and authentication services. Now the usual Client Gate has been changed to the Central Authentication Agent in Web Assistant application to implement full electronic administration procedures. The aim of the study is to present the experience of the various methods of identification by comparative analysis.
The Act No. CCXXII. of 2015 on general rules of electronic administration and trust services,(hereinafter ‘eAdministration Act’), defined the concept of customisable electronic administration user interface (hereinafter ‘SZÜF’). The purpose of establishing the SZÜF portal was to create a single gate entry point (as a starting page) for electronic administration of central and local government, linking the various IT systems of different institutions. The new customisable electronic administration user interface was launched in January 2018. According to the plans, it will shortly replace the former magyarorszag.hu portal as the point of single contact portal of Hungary. The new SZÜF portal has a more modern and pure design as well as a life-situation based approach to publish existing eGovernment services. The electronic administration services are available to the client after electronic identification and authentication by the Central Authentication Agent. Services can be used by natural persons (citizens) and organisations (including public administrations, businesses). The identified client can access their digital post-box, can manage their personal calendar, and can save their favourite services among the eGovernment services available on the portal. The SZÜF portal provides infrastructure and applications services to the connected organisations supporting the electronic administration process. For the connected service providers (public administration bodies designated by eAdministration Act) the SZÜF provides specific content and service management solutions. These services may be integrated in the SZÜF or be outside the SZÜF. Currently there are big differences in the quality of services. As a first step, the collection of e-administration information and services was completed. The next task is to ensure uniformity, service-oriented platform and interoperability. The purpose of this study is to present the areas for further development of the services of the SZÜF portal while presenting the results achieved. Achieved goals: a single gate entry point for electronic services for natural persons and organizations on a customisable interface with new online request submission options (e-Paper, iForm). Further development is needed: unification, interoperability and integration of services, connection of additional organizations, possibility of situation-based administration.
The creation of electronic administration and the measurement of the results achieved have been one of the central themes of research into the development of the information society for two decades. The European Commission publishes annually e-government comparative analyses (eGovernment Benchmark reports), providing insight into the use of ICT in the public sector in the countries examined. In recent years, the measuring system has been modified and supplemented several times. The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and the benchlearning approach assess the performance of eadministration on the basis of additional considerations. Hungary's performance is improving, but still below the EU average. Exploring the causes of the underperformance is a priority for catching up. On the basis of a survey of students at the National University of Public Service, the author analyses user characteristics (digital skills, ICT use) and the characteristics of public administration (quality of electronic administration services) in their context.
Today it is increasingly evident that data is the new determining element in the economy and society. Digital data is essential resources for economic growth, competitiveness, innovation, job creation and social development. For well-founded decisions, real data containing all the necessary information are required. Public organizations are obliged to collect and store vast amounts of data. However, the question arises: who has access to them and for what purposes are they used for? Open Data has become increasingly prevalent both on organizational and national levels. By making the datasets available to the public, institutions have become more transparent, efficient and more economical. There are EU and national strategies and programs to support open public administration by providing an appropriate legal environment and recommending practical measures. Freedom of information guarantees the accessibility of public data. However, accessibility is blocked by several challenges and obstacles, such as traditional approaches, legal constraints, practical and technical problems. The aim of this paper is to interpret the basic concepts of open government data, and present some of the problems of Hungarian data policy, legal regulations and practical implementations.
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