In the "Teachers' Manual of Biology" designed to accompany this book there will be found, in paragraphs numbered to correspond with those in this textbook, notes on books, materials, and methods of interest to teachers, or to advanced students in normal-school classes, B 1 -APPLIED* BIOLOGY 2. Organisms, Organic and Inorganic Matter. Except in science study, we rarely stop to think of the facts brought out in the problem above; but for the purposes of our later work in science it is important that we stop and make such a survey as above suggested, and recognize clearly that in this world of ours there are two kinds of things, the living * (collectively called animals and plants) and the lifeless (e.g., air, soil, water, minerals, etc.). Living things are in science commonly called organisms, and the substance of which their bodies are composed, or which they form, is organic matter. Lifeless substance which has not been formed by organisms is called inorganic or mineral matter. All substances, then, in living and lifeless things are composed of matter which, as we learn through our five senses, exists in many different forms. 3. The Sciences. Knowledge regarding the living and lifeless things of nature is systematically arranged in the natural sciences. A common division of these sciences is that into (1) the physical sciences (chemistry, physics, geology, mineralogy), and (2) the biological sciences, which are concerned with living things. We shall see later that there is much chemistry and physics used in the study of living things, and hence it will be made clear that these two sciences deal not only with lifeless things, but also with all substances and changes which are found in both living and lifeless things. 4. Biology, Botany, and Zoology. The study which this book will direct deals primarily with living things, both plants and animals. Biology is the science which treats of * Throughout this book italics are used for words and phrases which are very important in biology, and especially for scientific words where they are first introduced and defined. Such emphasized words and their meanings should be given special attention by students. Technical biological words which have a very limited use, perhaps applicable to only a few animals or plants, are printed in plain type ; and also they are in parentheses if not important except for reference to other biological books. * Students who have previously taken courses in chemistry and physics should read this chapter as a review of familiar facts, but from a new viewpoint. 5 6 APPLIED BIOLOGY but not a change in composition. Such changes of state which do not affect the composition of substances are called physical changes. That branch of science which treats of the form and physical changes of matter produced by heat, light, sound, electricity, gravitation, etc., was formerly called natural philosophy, but is now usually known as physics. 8. Chemical Change. All matter is subject to another kind of change in which the composition is affected and new substanc...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.