Purpose: The aim of the article is to show the direction and size of public aid intended to relieve the effects of the pandemic in Poland. Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on the macroeconomic indicators, the authors present economic effects of the pandemic in order to justify the purposefulness of the granted public aid, and describe its direction and scope at EU level and in relation to Poland. The final part of the study comprises an analysis of the potential outcome of public aid and recommendations regarding future activity. Findings: The article shows the role and importance of public aid in relieving the effects of economic crises. The authors point out the impact of public aid on the behaviour of enterprises and private households, as well as on the overall condition of public finances. Practical Implications: Public aid in Poland has been directed both to businesses and to households in order to counteract the negative effects of the pandemic. The authors show that despite the undertaken steps, during the period under study the rate of cuts both for enterprises and private households was growing, while for companies the rate of investment was decreasing. In addition, the state revenue generated from taxation decreased, whereas budget expenditure went up. These dependencies constitute an important implication for decision-makers in relation to the size and form of public aid, both already granted and planned in the future. Originality/value: The economic crisis caused by the current pandemic is unprecedented in terms of its reasons as well as the pace and effects of its spreading. This study fills a gap in the subject literature by showing the mechanism of the crisis, the value and scope of public aid employed to relieve its effects, and also the impact of the undertaken initiatives on the behaviour of businesses and households.
The study used the methods of descriptive statistics. Detailed analyses were carried out based on the authors' calculations using MS Excel. Findings: The financial condition of communes in Poland is varied when interpreted in terms of time and spatially, when measured with standard indicators used by, among others, the Ministry of Finance in Poland, and with the measures proposed by the authors, it differs, and therefore the changes in the finances of these units are assessed differently. Also, the variations in the values of the standard indicators do not explicitly indicate the direction of changes of the financial condition of communes. Practical implications: State institutions in their work on the changes in the system of revenue inLGUs in Poland, aimed at adjusting the amounts of the financial resources available to them to the range of tasks allocated for realization. Local authorities in the annually determined amounts of financial resources which they can implement to realize their tasks, having included the burdens resulting from the long-term contractual obligations they are bound by. Originality/Value: Expanding the research on the financial condition of LGUs by approaching this matter through the prism of indicators reflecting the possibilities of local authorities to define the amounts and the directions of their budgetary expenditure.
The study, devoted to the assessment of the financial condition of cities with poviat status (CWPS) in Poland, aims (i) to position cities with poviat status in the structure of local government and (ii) to examine and assess the average financial condition of city with poviat status in Poland in the spatial aspect, using standard measures (measures referring to the budget result, income potential and the amount of expenses) and those of the authors’ (reflecting the possibility of satisfying the needs of the local government community). The study uses the methods of descriptive statistics. Detailed analyses were carried out on the basis of the authors’ own calculations, using an MS Excel spreadsheet, and the calculated measures were presented for two deliberately selected years (2010 and 2019). The analyses present different pictures of the financial conditions: while the values produced by standard measures in 2019 compared to 2010 clearly indicate an improvement in the financial condition of analysed cities in Poland, the values derived from the authors’ measures do not confirm this. Changes in the values of both groups of indicators are spatially diverse. Both groups, however, indicate that there are voivodeships whose financial condition improved more in 2019 compared to 2010 (classical indicators) or deteriorated to a lesser extent (authors’ indicators) than other voivodeships. This applies to the provinces of Western and Central Poland. CWPS in these regions, due to their location and impact in the region, as well as their attractiveness as places of employment doing business: 1) have been better prepared to start new investments and incur further commitments; 2) attract high school and university graduates and investors; 3) have a large stock of real estate, including extensive infrastructure; and 4) are less dependent on transfers from the state budget.
The study presents the definition and research aspects of quality of life, an interdisciplinary category that arouses widespread interest among representatives of various scientific disciplines as well as state and local government institutions. The main purpose of the work was to examine the relationship between the level of budgetary expenses of a voivodeship city and the quality of life of its inhabitants. To determine the objective quality of life, quantitative and valuable indicators were used in the field of: technical infrastructure, labour market, health protection, social welfare, public education / pro-family policy and culture, the level of which depends on the expenditure of local authorities. Based on data from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office, a multidimensional comparative analysis of voivodeship cities was carried out. Based on the selected diagnostic variables, a synthetic Perkal index was determined for individual provincial cities in 2019. The method used allowed the ranking of provincial cities to be determined in the analysed period of time and them to be grouped according to the level of quality of life achieved in four typological groups. The conducted research confirmed the existence of significant disproportions in the level of the quality of life of inhabitants of particular voivodeship cities. It was also found that with an increase in budgetary expenditure per capita, the level of quality of life may improve.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.