The present study provides a depiction of Malioboro through the interconnected prisms of language presentation, language preferences, and sign informativeness. Seven hundred and twenty-nine public signs were examined and analysed. Although the analysis was limited to words, the survey also paid attention to language preferences and sign informativeness, wit, clarity, and visibility to both local and foreign visitors. Our findings reveal the dominance of Indonesian in the linguistic landscape (LL) of Malioboro, Yogyakarta's most famous street; 73% of the signs were in Indonesian; indeed, all non-commercial signs use Indonesian. Only 15% of all signs used English and fewer than 5% of the signs contained Javanese, either in its original script or romanized. True to its principal target group, Indonesian speakers, the LL of Malioboro displays an exclusiveness and reflects the implementation of Indonesia's language policy. Our survey shows both Indonesian and English prevailing in commercial, regulatory, and infrastructural signs, most of which are informative.

Studying the reading competence of Indonesian EFL within the framework of bilingualism can be challenging for language researchers. That may be because the area has not yet deeply explored by Indonesian researchers, while Indonesia provides a vast array of data due to its diverse linguistic background. The present small study investigates the English scanning skills of forty-three Indonesian EFL primary level students. Forty nine percent of the subjects are monolinguals, i.e. they use only Indonesian both at home and school. The rest are bilinguals: they use Indonesian and local languages interchangeably at home. The result of the study shows that in general the Indonesian monolinguals have a better performance in comparison to their bilingual counterparts. By and large, Indonesian young generations nowadays are more exposed to English than their parents or grandparents. Indonesian first graders of primary schools, especially those living in big cities, are now learning English at least once a week within around fifty to sixty minutes per session. Even kindergarten pupils have started learning simple vocabularies of English at schools, which can be related to a common belief that the younger a child learns an additional language, the easier it is for her/him to grasp, and eventually use the new language (Zacharias 2010, pp. 75, 58). Besides that, today"s youngsters see more English texts around them, e.g. advertisements in billboards, newspapers, magazines and internet, mobile phones, smart phones, and hear more English programs broadcasted by the national and foreign private TV stations or channels. In Keywords

The English language competence of an EFL learner can be reflectedin his pragmatic competence. Yet, for language learners and teachers a mastery of the pragmatic competence may unconsciously be neglected. In other words, it may not be taught in line with the grammatical competence since the initial period of learning. The article centers on two problems: (1) the similarities and differences of speech act of complaints among Indonesian EFL learners, Indonesian EFL teachers and American native speakers, and (2) the evidence of any pragmatic transfer in the complaint performance. DCT was used to gather the data, which was then analyzed using Rinnert, Nogami and Iwai?s aspects of complaining (2006). It was found that there were both differences and similarities of complaints performed by both the native and non-native speakers of English when power and social status were involved. Some evidence on pragmatic transfer was also tangible; mainly it was due to cultural differences

This article focuses on non-commercial signs in the linguistic landscape of Jakarta. Five main streets within or nearby the centroid of Jakarta are selected. The prevalence of English and the use of English words in the non-commercial signs are examined. The data cover 47 non-commercial signs which are investigated from the perspective of place semiotics. Despite their small number, this category of sign, mainly those that belong to the Regulatory discourse, holds a legal power. The presence of the non-commercial signs signifies the power of the state and communicates vertical and horizontal relationships between the authority and the audience. The findings suggest that the Infrastructural discourse is mostly available and Indonesian is the dominant language. English is present to a certain extent, particularly with regard to content related to technology and English prestigious status. Semantically, few English words had meaning extension when used in Indonesian context. The language choice of the non-commercial signs indicates the exclusiveness of Jakarta linguistic landscape.

The purpose of this research was to delve into the linguistic and non-linguistic aspects of a pioneer brand of bottled green tea in the Indonesian market. Four main aspects of the Semiotics study, namely the represented participants, modality, composition, and interactive participants were used to analyze the advertisement. The data for this research was a billboard of Nü Green Tea that was placed in Jl. Kasablanka Raya in South Jakarta. The findings show that the interplay between the non-human object, play of colors, composition, and language choice has been designed carefully in order to boost the targeted audience’s attention to the product.