A three-dimensional phase-field approach to martensitic transformations that uses reaction pathways in place of a Landau potential is introduced and applied to a model of Fe3Ni. Pathway branching involves an unbounded set of variants through duplication and rotations by the rotation point groups of the austenite and martensite phases. Path properties, including potential energy and elastic tensors, are calibrated by molecular statics. Acoustic waves are dealt with via a splitting technique between elastic and dissipative behaviors in a large-deformation framework. The sole free parameter of the model is the damping coefficient associated to transformations, tuned by comparisons with molecular dynamics simulations. Good quantitative agreement is then obtained between both methods.
In the framework of the French National Project CEOS and the French ANR Research Project MEFISTO, a simple macroscopic probabilistic approach has been developed by IFSTTAR for cracking analysis of full-scale civil engineering structures. The originality of the approach is to take into account the heterogeneity of the material as the principal factor of influence of cracking processes and responsible for scale effects in concrete structures. The model is therefore thought out to characterise crack patterns. The paper focuses on the bases of this approach, and proposes some comparisons between experimental and numerical results
The phase changes produced by the thermal effects of collisions are investigated. The behaviour of warm rain falling on a deeply frozen ground is predicted. The ice-water phase change involves microscopic motions that are taken into account in the predictive theory.
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