The article presents the issue of risk assessment of innovations. Specificity of technological innovation realized in manufacturing companies has been particularly well described here. An original method of assessing the innovative projects risk has been presented. The elaborated method has been implemented in three enterprises, the business activity of which is not typical for electrical engineering, metal and mechanical engineering and companies which are going to carry out the innovative project simultaneously with already started innovative projects. Moreover, an example of the risk assessment of a chosen technological innovation has been presented.
This study examined the impact of mechanical oscillation on a hydraulic directional control valve. Particular attention was paid to the oscillating movement of the spool of the hydraulic directional control valve resulting from this impact. Different models of fluid and mixed friction were considered. The models analysed accounted for the relative movement of the directional control valve body and the fact that it is kinematically excited by external mechanical oscillations. It was observed that the mixed friction model, where the frictional force is considered to be the sum of molecular forces acting in micro-areas of contact and drag forces in the fluid, was the best for describing the movement of the spool for a specific spool oscillation frequency. This model yielded significantly more consistency between the simulated and experimental results than the classic fluid friction model.
This paper presents both an example of the innovation prototype risk assessment and the universal way of conduct in assessing such solutions. For this purpose, the authors proposed a prototype risk assessment method based on the assumptions of the SWOT and TOWS analysis and the multi-criteria technical innovation risk assessment method. In the assumptions of the developed method, an account was taken of the conclusions resulting from the prospect theory. A symptom of this action was, e.g., a characterization of the team of experts (working on the prototype) in terms of their individual personality traits and mind (which has not been used so far in practical methods of assessing risk). As a result of the conducted assessment (for an innovative hydraulic cylinder prototype), the innovation prototype risk was determined as low, which was presented both on the map of domination and the map of risk assessment for this prototype. The procedure presented in the paper was planned so as to ensure that, after the prototype moves to the commercialization phase, it will be possible, on the basis of the already made calculations, to apply the full risk assessment dedicated for technical innovations with ease. This gives it a universal nature.
This paper identifies mechanical vibrations occurring in the operating environment of hydraulic systems used in marine engineering. Particular attention was paid to the influence of periodic vibrations on changes in the amplitude-frequency spectrum in a marine hydraulic system. For the case of analysing the effect of vibration on changes in the pressure pulsation spectrum with a proportional directional valve, a modified mathematical model was used. Experimental results were presented and compared with the results obtained from the mathematical model. A way of limiting the transmission of vibrations to the directional control valve body was proposed.
StreszczenieArtykuł przedstawia zagadnienie oceny ryzyka innowacji technicznych z perspektywy jej techniczno-ekonomicznych uwarunkowań. Celem opracowania jest porównanie najczęściej wykorzystywanych metod w kontekście zastosowania ich do oceny ryzyka innowacji technicznych. W przeprowadzonej analizie porównawczej wykorzystano dotychczasowe doświadczenia autorów (bazujące na zrealizowanych ocenach ryzyka innowacji). Dokonana ocena ma charakter punktowy i pozwala określić mocne i słabe strony poszczególnych metod w świetle przyjętych kryteriów. Zaprezentowana analiza w swych założeniach odwołuje się do podstaw projektowania inżynierskiego oraz niezbędnych wymogów rynkowych. W wyniku jej przeprowadzenia żadna z analizowanych metod nie otrzymała maksymalnej oceny. Świadczy to o potrzebie udoskonalania i dostosowywania istniejących metod w kontekście oceny ryzyka innowacji technicznych.Słowa kluczowe: innowacje techniczne, metody oceny ryzyka, ocena wielokryterialna, logika rozmyta
Hydraulic valves are used to determine the set values of hydraulic quantities (flow rate, pressure, or pressure difference) in a hydraulic system or its part. This is achieved through the appropriate throttling of the stream flowing through the valve, which is automatically set by the operator (e.g., opening the throttle valve). The procedures for determining its static and dynamic properties were described using the example of modeling a two-stage proportional relief valve. Subsequently, the importance of the design and operational parameters was determined using multi-valued logic trees. Modeling began with the determination of equations describing the flow and movement of moving parts in a valve. Based on the equations, a numerical model was then created, e.g., in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The static characteristics were obtained as the result of a model analysis of slow changes in the flow rate through the valve. Various coefficients of logical products have not been taken into account in the separable and common minimization processes of multi-valued logic equation systems in any available literature. The results of the model tests can be used to optimize several types of hydraulic valve constructions.
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