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ObjectivesTo examine the association between plasma concentrations of antioxidative micronutrients and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in elderly adults.DesignCross-sectional cohort study.SettingAustrian Stroke Prevention Study, a population-based cohort study on brain aging.ParticipantsIndividuals with a mean age of 66 ± 7 (n = 786; 58% female).MeasurementsConcentrations of vitamin C, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, lycopene, α- and γ-tocopherol, α- and β-carotene, and retinol in plasma, advanced oxidation protein products as a measure of oxidative stress in serum, and LTL were measured. Vitamins and carotenoids were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, advanced oxidation protein products using spectrophotometry, and telomere length using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsMultiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for age and sex demonstrated that higher lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations were strongly associated with longer telomere length. The associations were independent of body mass index, maximum oxygen uptake, and vascular risk factors and were not mediated by advanced oxidation protein products content.ConclusionThis study provides first evidence that higher lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations in plasma are associated with longer LTL in normal elderly persons and suggest a protective role of these vitamins in telomere maintenance.

Copyright: Golob-Schwarzl et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionLicense 3.0 (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ABSTRACTColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. Furthermore, with more than 1.2 million cases registered per year, it constitutes the third most frequent diagnosed cancer entity worldwide. Deregulation of protein synthesis has received considerable attention as a major step in cancer development and progression. Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) are involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and are functionally linked to the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.The identification of factors accounting for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) development is a major gap in the field. Besides the importance of eIF3 subunits and the eIF4 complex, eIF1, eIF5 and eIF6 were found to be altered in primary and www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/ Oncotarget, 2017, Vol. 8, (No. 60), pp: 101224-101243 Research PaperOncotarget 101225 www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget metastatic CRC. We observed significant difference in the expression profile between low and high grade CRC. eIF1, eIF5 and eIF6 are involved in translational control in CRC. Our findings also indicate a probable clinical impact when separating them into low and high grade colon and rectum carcinoma. eIF and mTOR expression were analysed on protein and mRNA level in primary low and high grade colon carcinoma (CC) and rectum carcinoma (RC) samples in comparison to non-neoplastic tissue without any disease-related pathology. To assess the therapeutic potential of targeting eIF1, eIF5 and eIF6 siRNA knockdown in HCT116 and HT29 cells was performed. We evaluated the eIF knockdown efficacy on protein and mRNA level and investigated proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, as well as colony forming and polysome associated fractions.These results indicate that eIFs, in particular eIF1, eIF5 and eIF6 play a major role in translational control in colon and rectum cancer.

Our study demonstrates that differences of the formalin composition have substantial effects on MRI signal characteristics after fixation, which can explain the divergence of reported relaxation times beyond the effect of differences in formalin concentration. Magn Reson Med 79:1111-1115, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

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