Objective: Identifying the independent risk factors associated with infant deaths registered in Brazilian public information systems. Methods: A cross-sectional study using secondary data recorded in public information systems for eleven years. The association of mortality rates was observed according to death periods using univariate and multivariate regression tests. Results: The infant mortality rate decreased by 20.7 % in the study period. The list of independent factors associated with infant deaths shows the necessity for measures to increase public actions aimed at the early onset of prenatal care, continuing until the postpartum, puerperal period and in the growth and development of the newborn. Conclusion: The independent risk factors for infant death were low birth weight, gestation duration of less than 37 weeks, multiple pregnancy, maternal educational level lower than eight years, Apgar score and less than seven antenatal pregnancy. ResumoObjetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco independentes associados aos óbitos infantis registrados nos sistemas informatizados públicos brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados secundários registrados no período de onze anos nos sistemas informatizados públicos. A associação das taxas de mortalidade foi verificada segundo períodos de óbito utilizando-se testes de regressão univariada e multivariada. Resultados: A mortalidade infantil apresentou redução de 20,7% no período estudado. A lista de fatores independentes associados aos óbitos infantis indica a necessidade de medidas para intensificar as ações públicas visando o início precoce da assistência pré-natal, no pós-parto, acompanhamento no puerpério, e o crescimento e desenvolvimento do recém-nascido. Conclusão: Os fatores de risco independentes para o óbito infantil foram: baixo peso ao nascer, duração da gestação inferior a 37 semanas, gravidez múltipla, escolaridade materna inferior a oito anos, boletim de Apgar e menos de sete consultas pré-natais.
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