Weight loss following gastric bypass results in profound improvement in OSA. The severity of apnea cannot be reliably predicted by preoperative BMI and ESS; therefore, patients with symptoms of OSA should undergo polysomnography.
The model proposed by Rothbart is one of the most frequently used models to describe children's temperament. However, the structure of temperamental traits in children is not unambiguous. We examine this structure in children from 3 to 10 years of age using two different measures in a less often studied cultural context (i.e., central Europe), and using a recently developed and still less common approach to study the internal structure of scales (i.e., network psychometrics). participants and procedureThis paper examines the structure of temperamental dimensions in children using two different measures -the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) and the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ) -in two studies conducted on children aged 4-7 years (N = 178; CBQ) and aged 7-10 years (N = 189; TMCQ). We verified the structural validity of these measures with a bootstrapped exploratory graph analysis, which represents the network psychometric approach. resultsNetwork psychometric analysis supported differentiation of three factors of temperamental traits in both groups of children. In addition, the construct validity of these instruments was supported through correlations of the temperament factors measured by the CBQ and the TMCQ with Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, and Shyness scales measured with the EAS Temperament Survey; and through confirmation of expected gender differences in the CBQ and TMCQ factors. conclusionsOur findings support a three-factor solution of temperamental traits in children representing Negative Affectivity, Effortful Control, and Surgency.
BackgroundEmerging adulthood refers to a new phase in life that is related to the transition period from adolescence to adulthood. The concept spread around the world and has been examined in various cultural contexts. This article aims to introduce a Polish adaptation of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-PL) developed to assess attitudes toward emerging adulthood among young people.Participants and procedureIn total, 1,414 randomly assigned emerging adults aged between 18 and 29 took part in this study. Participants were asked to describe the extent to which they considered their current life as a time of identity exploration, experimenta-tion/possibilities, negativity/instability, self-focused, feeling in-between, and other-focused. Responses were given on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree).ResultsThe results were analyzed in two steps: via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to check the underlying structure of the meas-ure and via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the model fit. The EFA results showed that the IDEA-PL items loaded onto the originally dedicated six factors; however, some achieved low loadings and/or cross-loadings. In the second step of the analysis, the problematic items were eliminated and the CFA results showed that a five-factor solution with 15 items achieved satisfactory parameters.ConclusionsIn this paper, we introduce a Polish adaptation of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-PL). These results add value to the existing literature and scholars and clinicians can use this questionnaire for research and prac-tice purposes.
Abstract The article contains a comparison of emerging adulthood (EA) to the rite of passage by van Gennep and Turner. The authors argue that EA is a far and residual equivalent of the liminal phase of the rite of passage, in its extended form. At first, they present the concept of the rite of passage, the idea of liminality, the phenomenon of extending the psychosocial moratorium and some aspects of the concept of emerging adulthood. Further they analyse the similarities and differences between the liminal phase and EA. They conclude that EA is a liminal period, but such that, on the one hand, is elaborated and extended in time, and on the other hand – degraded in its symbolism and significance (nonsanctified). The EA is associated with the specificity of western culture, such as degradation and disappearance of rites of passage in their traditional forms, orientation towards consumption and hedonism. It seems to have its source in the psychic qualities of young people, among other things, in their lack of readiness to take up the responsibility for others. Finally, the authors state that the results of a lack in initiation are thus beginning to make themselves particularly keenly felt in today’s world.
In the 1970s, two Dutch psychiatrists, Anna Terruwe and Conrad Baars, developed an innovative theory and therapy of repressive neuroses. Their theory was founded on the philosophical anthropology of Saint Thomas Aquinas. This approach to neuroses stemmed from the observation that contemporary psychiatry and psychology lacked philosophical underpinnings and that sciences thus formed were unable to help people. The key concept in the theory of repressive neuroses is psychic wholeness—the unity of the senses, the intellect, and will under the natural guidance of the last two of these. Stressing the great importance of this wholeness of human sensory and intellectual faculties for mental health has its consequences in the approach to and treatment of repressive neuroses. Every neurotic disorder is a kind of disintegration (repression of emotions and lack of intellectual control); therefore, the therapeutic process is supposed to effect a reintegration of distinct human faculties. The article presents the concept of psychic wholeness in the context of the theory of repressive neuroses, with special focus on Aquinas’ anthropology as the philosophical basis for this theory. Bowen’s concept of differentiation of self is also discussed and its similarities to psychic wholeness are pointed out.
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