Studies of active vision in naturalistic scenes show the existence of two classes of eye movements manifested in ambient and focal visual fixations. This finding seems to corroborate with the anatomical separation of two "streams" of visual processing related to localization (dorsal system) or to identification of objects (ventral system). Direct verification of this connection proved to be difficult due to an insufficient resolution of the conventional noninvasive brain-imaging methods. Another hypothesis recently attributed the same observation to the lateralization of global and local attention modes in the right and left hemispheres, correspondingly. Thus, there are two tentative explanations for the brain mechanisms of the same eye movement patterns in free image viewing. Our study aimed at resolution of this controversy.Materials and Methods. 13 healthy subjects (age 21 to 31 years, right handed, 8 females) with normal or corrected to normal vision and without known history of neurological diseases participated in this experiment. Using a combination of ultrafast multi-band fMRI scanning with the fixation-based event-related (FIBER) paradigm of data collection, we measured the brain functional activity in its relation to tasks, a semantic category of the inspected object (houses or faces), brain regions as well as ambient and focal visual fixations during free viewing of complex images with an unprecedently high temporal and spatial resolution.Results. The results unexpectedly showed that both competing hypotheses are confirmed. In line with our early proposal, ambient fixations were accompanied by activation of structures traditionally associated with the dorsal visual pathway, while focal fixations correlated with that of the ventral pathway. At the same time, the second hypothesis also proved to be correct: the activated structures of the dorsal pathway were localized in the right hemisphere and those of the ventral brain networks mainly -albeit not exclusively -in the left hemisphere.Conclusion. The present study for the first time demonstrates pronounced lateralization of both basic brain mechanisms in charge of visual perception and eye movement control in free processing of complex images. This conclusion poses a number of further questions about a possible relation between two modes of active vision and other forms of asymmetries found at different levels of human brain organization.

The temperature rise effect on the electrochemical activity of catalysts on a copper substrate in alkaline alcohol solutions has been studied. The object of research was bimetallic PdFe/Cu and NiCo/Cu catalysts obtained by galvanic deposition on a copper substrate. The studies were carried out in immiscible liquids EtOH + K2HPO4 + H2O. The upper phase in this system of liquids is aqueous solutions of ethanol (“alcohol layer”), the lower phase is aqueous solutions of dipotassium phosphate K2HPO4 (“salt layer”). It was found that elevate temperature from 20°C to 60°C improve the activity of all catalysts. It was found that the Ni80Co20/Cu catalyst is highly active in the oxidation and reduction of oxygen. The peak of the oxidation current increases 4 times with elevate the temperature up to 40 C, and 14 times with elevate temperature up to 60 C, compared with currents at a temperature of 20 C. The Pd90Fe10/Cu catalyst is active in relation to the oxidation of ethanol. Elevate the electrolyte temperature from 20°C to 40°C increase in the oxidation current by a factor of 1.4, and from 20°C to 60°C by a factor of 3.3. The maximum cathode current at the peak of recovery exceeds the maximum anode current at the peak of oxidation at 40°C by 1.83 times, and at 60°C by 1.15. This indicates a good regeneration of the electrode surface and the absence of oxide films and ethanol oxidation products on its surface. It was concluded that, despite the ambiguous effect of temperature on the processes occurring in the system, the improvement in the characteristics of the studied catalysts can be explained by the improvement in the processes of ethanol oxidation and improved mass transfer of the reagents.

Коммуникативный стереотип робота в детском кино Аннотация: Статья посвящена описанию коммуникативного стереотипа робота в детском кино. Выявлены характерные для данного стереотипа черты, формируемые направленным отбором языковых средств (вербальных и кинесических) на номинативном и коммуникативном уровнях. Показано, что коммуникативные поля соотношения позиций и личной сферы, активизируясь в речи, разрушают коммуникативный стереотип робота. Описаны эстетические эффекты умышленного отхода от него, радикального слома стереотипа и т. д. (вносящие как комические, так и трагические смыслы).

The research is carried out by the method of semantic communication analysis. The analysis of the communicative composition of a spoken literary text, organized by the communicative parameter of the norm, is presented. The film “Solovey-Razboynik” (“Nightingale the Robber”, Russia, 2012) presents a rare type of a hero capable of changing the society norm, that is, creating and imposing a new norm on the environment. The article analyzes the work of Russian communicative means in dialogues recruited in order to show the process of the hero introducing his own personal norm. The nominative level units perform in the film two aesthetic tasks: 1) they create an alternation of two layers, legend and comics, and 2) they maintain the communication path, also reflecting the change of norms.

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