An early stage of dentine formation and its later appropriate mineralization require the deposition of collagen type I and subsequent deposition of multiple non-collagenous proteins. The most critical non-collagenous proteins for dentineogenesis belong to two families, the Small Leucine Rich Proteoglycans (SLRP) and the Small Integrin-Binding Ligands (SIBLING). The threepart manuscript summarizes current knowledge of the molecular mechanism of dentineogenesis. It argues the confirmed but also speculative theses about the function of non-collagenous proteins and their potential role in the formation of sclerotic dentine. In the opinion of the authors this may play a key role in the planning of prosthetic treatment. Considering the current knowledge of dentine a number of opponents speculate that long-lasting teeth grinding and clenching might modify the level of expression of the non-collagenous proteins in dentine, and thus invalidate or impair further prosthetic treatment. The first part of the manuscript contains a short introduction to dentine formation and roles of the SLRP family proteoglycans in the process of�dentineogenesis. The emphasis has been put on two proteoglycans: decorin and biglycan and their ability to interfere with the process of spatial orientation of the collagenous fibres in dentine.
The Rho proteins are members of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. They are thought to be crucial regulators of multiple signal transduction pathways that influence a wide range of cellular functions, including migration, membrane trafficking, adhesion, polarity and cell shape changes. Thanks to their ability to control the assembly and organization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, Rho GTPases are known to regulate mitosis and cytokinesis progression. These proteins are required for formation and rigidity of the cortex during mitotic cell rounding, mitotic spindle formation and attachment of the spindle microtubules to the kinetochore. In addition, during cytokinesis, they are involved in promoting division plane determination, contractile ring and cleavage furrow formation and abscission. They are also known as regulators of cell cycle progression at the G1/S and G2/M transition. Thus, the signal transduction pathways in which Rho proteins participate, appear to connect dynamics of actin and microtubule cytoskeletons to cell cycle progression. We review the current state of knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms by which Rho GTPase signaling regulates remodeling of actin and microtubule cytoskeletons in order to control cell division progression.
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