During the autumn of 1996 and 1997 in Thessaloniki (Greece) juvenile mortality OM) of the mite Varroa jacobsoni was studied in worker brood cells of frozen combs from 21 Apis mellifera macedonica colonies. The infestation level of the colonies varied between 8% and 35%. Sealed brood cells (n = 8454) containing a healthy worker pupa older than the 'pale eyes' stage or a resting adult were examined. The cells examined were singly infested by a fertile V. jacobsoni with normal offspring in 92% of the cases. A total number of 3543 developing fertile V. jacobsoni female descendants (fd) was studied. During the mobile phases the losses of the parasite in the first, second and third fd were 2.8%, 13.8%, 30.4%, respectively. Under natural conditions no death factors act against the first fd until it reaches the second immobile phase, or deutochrysalis phase (DCHR) in the worker brood cell. For the subsequent fd, malnutrition possibly plays the most important role during the pre-DCHR mobile phases. During the immobile phases the main losses of the first fd occur in the DCHR phase. On average, the death rates for the first, second and third DCHR were 6.2%, 11.3% and 14.2%, respectively, in worker brood cells containing maturing pupae. Rates of losses for the DCHR of the three fd determined in cells containing the resting adult were 15.8%, 37.1% and 56.9%, respectively. The general losses concerning all developing phases of the mite, i.e. pre-DCHR and DCHR, for the first, second and third fd in worker brood cells were 18.6%, 50.9% and 87.3%, respectively. Death of the DCHR of V. jacobsoni in the worker brood cell of A mellifera is connected with aging of the host. This is based on the following: (a), practically no death of DCHR was observed as long as the host retained its white body colour; dead DCHR appeared first when the aging worker pupa acquired yellow body colour; and (b), the death rate of DCHR increases as the worker pupa becomes older. The possible influence of different natural or artificial factors causing death of female DCHR is discussed. Downloaded by [University of Sherbrooke] at 15:01 10 April 2015 26
KARAMANIDOU, Anna Stef. European Enlightenment and Orthodox ChristianIlluminationsm. The Potential Survival of Hesychasm in the Movement of Kollyvades. The first part of the paper focuses on the long conflict between East and West, which reached its peak with the movement of the Kollyvades in the 17th and 18th century. What is of great interest here is the fact that we do not deal with a single event in the ecclesiastical history, but with an issue of Orthodox theology, which extends to our modern times.In the second part, we probe into the basic Hesychastic principles of the three Kolyvades Saints -Macarius Notaras, Athanasius Parios and Nicodemus the Athonite; in particular we explore their Filocalistic approach, their idea of the Invisible War, and their Anti-papalism. Finally, the prominence of the Church Fathers in their work is examined along with their contribution to the liturgical life and their views about education. V druhej časti sú prezentované základné hesychastické zásady troch svätých Kollyvadovských otcov -Makária Notarasa, Atanáza Parského a Nikodéma Svätohorského, filokalizmus, neviditeľný boj, antipápežstvo, predstavenie otcov, liturgického života a ich názory na vzdelanie.
KARAMANIDOU, Anna. The Contribution of the Principles of the Solitary (Monastic) Way of Life to Orthodox Christian Secular Life According to Sevastos Kyminitis. Sevastos Kyminitis of Trebizond (1632 -1702) was a distinguished scholar with a comprehensive philological and theological training. In September 1682, Kyminitis succeeded in founding what would later be the renowned Greek Phrontisterion of Trapezous. At the same time, he strengthened the greatest Orthodox Christian mindset.In this context his response to the issue of the monks of the Holy Monastery of the Holy Monastery of Θεοσκεπάστου Παναγίας of Trebizond is placed to compose a very important theological work entitled "Exhortation and admonition concerning the monastic way of life" the content of which is also addressed to the "secular state of the Orthodox God". The particular study by the Trebizonian remains unpublished. The manuscript tradition of the "Monastic way of life" is presented in the following codices: Vatopaidi 642, Vatopaidi 686, the Metochion (Dependency) of the Most-Holy Tomb 118 and Kos 2. Sevastos Kyminitis followed a tripartite division of the content of his work. In the first part, he analyses the meaning of the term "life of seclusion". In the main part he refers exhaustively to three enemies of the monastic way of life: the flesh, the world, and the Devil, and distinguishes the essential meaning of the senses of sight, hearing, smell, and touch, and the section finishes with the thoughts concerning the Demon and his machinations, in particular, five demonic machinations (schemes).
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