Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the biggest group of enterprises in the European Union (EU); they are also characteristic of emerging economies. Given this situation, there is a need to provide instruments such as processes that allow them to realize a model of sustainable development. The ability to classify processes and the occurrences within these processes often affects the state of the enterprises. The implementation of innovations, as identified processes, facilities sustainable development for SMEs. The purpose of this article is to find out whether the identification of processes such as innovations has any influence on the competitiveness and sustainable development of SMEs. This study was based on pilot research that examined small and medium enterprises regionally based on the example of an emerging economic region of Poland. The research focused on the identification of the processes and changes happening inside enterprises in terms of understanding the sustainable development concept. The research composition allows the presentation of how SMEs understand the problems analyzed. The study features a new questionnaire, a new definition of sustainable development, and matches those processes identified by the enterprises analyzed with the particular sustainable development dimensions suggested by the authors. In light of the analysis of the literature and the results of this research, the study offers some important contributions in terms of understanding and offering practical meaning to the identification of various processes. The most important finding was that there is a need to raise awareness among entrepreneurs of the fact that innovations are also processes in themselves, which often constitute the sum of other supporting processes occurring within the enterprise. Support in the form of knowledge transfer from experts to SMEs would also be recommended.
Purpose – the purpose of the article is to present the customers (the auction site’s users) perception of the opportunities provided by e-commerce, especially increasing its meaning during the pandemic conditions and to conclude the ways of e-commerce development in the future. Research methodology – the methodology was based at desk research and the survey conducted in April 2021 among online users of Allegro on-line platform by the one of the basic quantity methods, the CAWI method (by the questionnaire survey) supported by statistic method. Findings – the increasing role of e-commerce in people’s lives as well as the pandemic increasing e-commerce growth effect, it can therefore be crucial for the country’s market position and its developmental perspectives. Some customers habits, especially greater savings regimes, more careful approach to spending, but also on-line shopping, will stay with them even after the pandemic. Research limitations – the research is limited to the leading, but one, on-line platform one of the TOP-10 on-line platforms however, because of the market coverage, it is representative for the examined branch. Other limitation is the pandemic period which may present the data characteristic only for this time. Practical implications – nowadays, especially developed by the pandemic and lockdown all over the world, the e-trade has spread its development. The practical implication may be using the results of the research in practice by the on-line shops owners/managers. Originality/Value – the value of the study is the realistic approach while attempting to provide a clear view of the overarching picture of the e-trade and directions of its development, especially after pandemic experience. The originality also is that the research conducted not only It has also shown that online commerce transactions are conducted not only at young people probe, but at the probe representative for whole society, including elderly people. The study fulfils the gap at e-commerce research due to the often proclaimed lack of attitude of older people towards e-commerce or pointing them as the age group’s digital exclusion.
As the populations of cities grow, it is obvious that they need more and more resources. Energy is currently one of the most desirable resources due to the economic and energy crisis, but it needs to be used in a sustainable manner. There are cities that achieve smart city (SC) status that provide smart policies towards sustainable development. The aim of the present paper is to determine whether citizen engagement in SC can contribute to reduced energy consumption in the current economic crisis. The paper presents an original survey intended to collect primary data and a study conducted based exclusively on qualitative methods. The results concern a broad and multifaceted review of literature concerning SCs, as well as citizens’ engagement and their role in SC development. The study allows understanding of the economic phenomena taking place in SCs and filling the gaps regarding the behavior of SC citizens. It shows that SCs create smart citizens that feel responsible for the environment and aggregate a more responsible environment for public actions with citizen engagement. In terms of energy savings, the study shows that it is possible to specify the economic and energy benefits of SC citizen engagement.
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