The aim of this study is to find and use effective IRAP markers for DNA genotyping of representatives of sakura species (ornamental cherries). The work demonstrates the results of testing ISSR markers on the genotypes of the species P. serrulata. Also, based on the testing data, the selection of effective IRAP markers was carried out. The selected IRAP markers were used in the genetic analysis of 12 sakura genotypes.
The relevance of the research is due to a change in the strength, frequency and direction of harmful weather stresses associated with climate change, which has an extremely negative effect on the general condition and productivity of plants, disrupts the conditions for the exit of plants from the dormant stage, while accelerating the rate of spring development. The rise of positive temperatures in the autumn period delays the entry of plants into the phase of organic dormancy, impairing their preparation for the winter. This paper provides an assessment of the adaptive response of the optimal course of growth and development of scion-rootstock combinations (SRC), taking into account changes in environmental conditions. The complexity of interaction mechanisms in the “scion-rootstock-environment” system is presented. Analysis of variance has shown that quantitative traits have complex genetic systems, which are characterized by multivariance of the reaction associated with multilevel redefinition of the genetic organization of quantitative traits of the SRC when changing the environmental limits. The value of the work is in the fact that the selected objects are perennial fruit crops, which are an interacting complex of two genotypes. The best combinations of grafts and rootstocks in the studied varieties in the specific environmental conditions and with given growing technologies were identified: Stanley / PK SK 1, Stanley / Druzhba, Renklod Donetskiy-1 / Evrika 99, Renklod Donetskiy-1 / cherry plum, Milena / Evrika 99 The highest-yielding under the changed conditions, and hence the most adaptive, were the combinations of plum variety Stanley on the rootstocks of PK SK 1 and Druzhba.
The happening global and local fluctuations of climate caused the changes in manifestation of the temperature stresses in the plants in terms of their strength and time of occurrence in vegetation period. The most regions of the south of Russia (especially in the plain territories) experienced warming of climate, and the temperature stresses began to appear more frequently in spring and in summer. With an aim to analyze the direction of change in temperature regime the structure and spectrums of variability in the mean-diurnal fluctuations of the maximum and minimum temperatures of air were studied for a long period (1950-2019) in the Kuban river horticulture zone of Krasnodar Territory. The defense and adaptive reactions of the sweet cherry varieties (in their drought resistance) to the change in external environment limits were brought to light. The yielding capacity of the genotypes of plants was studied from position of their response to the temperature stresses. The obtained results permitted to identify the varieties of sweet cherry, resistant to the stresses of the spring and summer period, when they are grown in conditions of the higher temperatures and considerable moisture deficit. The results of work will be helpful in control of the sweet cherry varieties productivity on the basis of knowledge on manifestation of the varieties’ genetic peculiarities in their phenotype in the new climatic conditions.
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