To control pricing in passenger transportation, monitor the functioning of urban transport networks, reduce direct contacts during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is advisable to implement a system of NFC validation of fares. NFC (Near-Field Communication) technology provides primary information on public transport and travel fares. The article aims to improve the method of application of the technology of automated NFC-validation of fares in urban passenger transport to account for and control provided transport services. The tasks include research of mechanisms of the automated identification and counting of quantity of the transported passengers to account incomes of the motor transport enterprises; selection of calculation units for automated determination of the cost of provided transport services; development of control methods of drivers work, the operation of vehicles, transportation of privileged categories of citizens, pricing, etc. Theoretical and methodological aspects of NFC-validation technologies for public transport fares for accounting purposes have been studied based on general research methods – institutional and innovative; economic and mathematical methods of analysis and polynomial trend using Excel spreadsheets were used to predict the pace of implementation of NFC-devices; methods of bibliographic and comparative analysis using the information resource «ResearchGate»– to determine promising areas for new technologies in the provision of transport and passenger services. It is proved that the most effective unit of cost calculation of transport services is «passenger-kilometer», which corresponds to the peculiarities of the functioning of urban passenger transport, as it takes into account the number of passengers and distance of travel. The procedure for distribution of income from the sale of electronic tickets and budget subsidies between carriers based on information on the total number (including privileged categories) of transported passengers has been developed. The method of automated cost accounting by the «passenger-kilometer» meter for fuels and lubricants, staff salaries, depreciation of vehicles, and its current repairs, which define the cost of transport services, is improved. Implementing NFC fare validation technology will facilitate automated accounting of costs, revenues, and cash receipts from transport services, the introduction of effective control over the work of drivers, vehicles, concessional transportation, pricing, timeliness, and reliability taxes on urban transport.
The article deals with the research of gastrodiplomacy campaigns as instruments for branding countries at the international level. The image of any country in the modern system of international relations depends not only on political, economic, military resources, but also on its ability to present itself through culture. That is why public or people's diplomacy is becoming more and more important in foreign policy, in which not only professional diplomats but also representatives of public organizations, business circles, science and education, culture and art, mass media, etc. take an active part. It is emphasized that in recent years a new direction of diplomacy has begun to develop – gastrodiplomacy. It has become an instrument of intercultural relations and relies on the resources of national cuisines. It is used at the dinner table to influence the thoughts and moods of politicians and world leaders, as well as ordinary citizens. Over the past two decades, many countries have successfully conducted gastrodiplomacy campaigns to increase their cultural influence abroad. The article analyzes the gastrodiplomacy campaigns of such countries as Thailand, Japan, Malaysia, Peru, South Korea and Taiwan. These countries were among the first to use gastrodiplomacy as a tool for branding their countries at the international level. It has been established that gastrodiplomacy should not be equated with ordinary advertising campaigns to promote various national food products, as its purpose and objectives are much broader. It is aimed at forming a positive brand of the country in the world by promoting national cuisine, stimulating foreign trade and tourism, improving the investment climate, attracting more investors, increasing the competitiveness of the economy.
Грицишин Анна Володимирівна, аспірант, Тернопільський національний економічний університет ДОКУМЕНТУВАННЯ ТА ОБЛІК ПРОЦЕСУ ПОСТАЧАННЯ У ЛОГІСТИЧНІЙ СИСТЕМІ «ТОЧНО В ТЕРМІН» У статті з'ясовано роль логістичної системи управління матеріальними цінностями «точно в термін» в ефективному функціюванні підприємств. Удосконалено порядок формування договірних відносин між постачальником та покупцем матеріальних цінностей у реалізації логістичних процесів за системою «точно в термін». Досліджено варіативність документування господарських операцій та обліку придбання матеріальних цінностей, що залежить від внутрішнього та зовнішнього середовища підприємства. Розроблено інформаційну схему електронного документообігу у системі обліку придбання матеріальних цінностей. Доведено вплив електронних комунікацій у логістичній системі «точно в термін» на кіберзахист підприємства. Ключові слова: облік, логістика, система «точно в термін», управління матеріальними цінностями. Грицишин Анна Владимировна, аспирант, Тернопольский национальный экономический университет ДОКУМЕНТИРОВАНИЕ И УЧЕТ ПРОЦЕССА СНАБЖЕНИЯ В ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЕ «ТОЧНО В СРОК» В статье выяснена роль логистической системы управления материальными ценностями «точно в срок» в эффективном функционировании предприятий. Усовершенствован порядок формирования договорных отношений между поставщиком и покупателем материальных ценностей в реализации логистических процессов по системе «точно в срок». Исследована вариативность документирования хозяйственных операций и учета приобретения материальных ценностей, зависимая от внутренней и внешней среды предприятия. Разработана информационная схема электронного документооборота в системе учета приобретения материальных ценностей. Доказано влияние электронных коммуникаций в логистической системе «точно в срок» на киберзащита предприятия.
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