Migraine and stroke are common, disabling neurologic disorders, with a high socioeconomic burden. A link between them has been proposed years ago, and various theories have been proposed to explain this bidirectional relation. However, the precise causes remain unclear. We briefly summarize existing hypotheses of this correlation seeking for recommendations for stroke prevention in migraineurs, if any exist. Among the strongest suggested theories of migraine–stroke association are cortical spreading depression, endovascular dysfunction, vasoconstriction, neurogenic inflammation, hypercoagulability, increased prevalence of vascular risk factors, shared genetic defects, cervical artery dissection, and patent foramen ovale. There is no evidence that any preventive therapy in migraineurs should be used to decrease stroke risk, even in most predisposed subset of patients. However, a woman with migraine with aura should be encouraged to cease smoking and avoid taking oral contraceptives with high estrogen doses. We need further investigation to better understand the complexity of migraine–stroke association and to make firm recommendations for the future.
Allergic rhinitis and migraine remain on the list of the most common diseases affecting adults. Migraines and headaches due to allergic rhinitis are easily confused because the symptoms of both conditions often overlap. Both may occur with sinus headache, nasal congestion, and lacrimation and may worsen with weather changes and exposure to allergens. No precise clinical definition exists for what constitutes a sinus headache, which has always been a diagnostic dilemma. Contrary to popular belief, headache is not a typical symptom of rhinitis. Some studies have shown that up to 90 % of sinus headaches are actually migraines. Nevertheless, patients with self-diagnosed sinus headache self-treat or are treated by primary care physicians and/or otolaryngologists with medications for rhinosinusitis, ignoring the neurogenic causes of the symptoms when most of these patients fulfill diagnostic criteria for chronic migraine. Chronic migraine affects 2 % of the general population and has a significant socioeconomic impact on society, incurring health care costs and diminishing quality of life; therefore, the proper diagnosis and treatment of these headache patients should be a priority.
Ten point six seven percent of the studied children had markedly increased serum anti-TG IgG antibodies and high AI indicated chronic infestation. It is suggested that tests for TG infection should be introduced to routine diagnostics in patients with recurrent headaches.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among elderly. It is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of the brain which leads to the deterioration of cognitive, behavioral and impaired daily functioning and causes the gradual loss of independence. A significant portion of risk for dementia in old age is associated with lifestyle. Three important protective factors are diet, which should be rich in antioxidants, exercise and good cardiovascular health. It is believed that Mediterranean diet has a protective effect from dementia. This diet, rich in fruit and vegetables, legumes, olive oil, whole wheat bread, fish and seafood, with reduced consumption of red meat is also protective from cardiovascular diseases and promotes a healthy long life. There were some studies on the etiology of AD which noted an important role of vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid. All of them are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, which is regarded as an independent risk factor for the development of AD, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. We also know that supplementation of vitamins C and E in the diet can be protective from AD. On the other hand we know that obesity and undernutrition can increase the risk of development of AD. As we can observe the aging of population we should remember that nutrition constitutes an interesting approach for the prevention of age‑related brain disorders.
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