Aims: Floral traits are frequently studied in population biology and evolutionary ecology but are rarely considered in functional trait-based studies focusing on the assembly of communities. We address this gap in trait-based community assembly by synthesizing the existing literature on processes driving floral and pollination-related trait patterns at community scales. We highlight limitations of the field due to lack of data and suggest potential directions of future research.Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search collating studies that investigated floral traits in the context of plant community assembly, which allowed us to synthesise the current state of the art and point out important gaps in knowledge. Conclusions:The literature review shows that including pollination related traits in community assembly studies can shed new light on species coexistence patterns not accounted by other types of traits. The synthesis presented here shows the diversity of approaches and existing techniques which can generate a step forward in this open field of research. What currently seems to hinder comprehensive analyses of floral traits at community levels is the lack of data, particularly in existing large repositories for traits worldwide, as well as a gap in linking modern co-existence theory with floral traits.

Questions: Compensatory dynamics are described as one of the main mechanisms that increase community stability, e.g., where decreases of some species on a yearto-year basis are offset by an increase in others. Deviations from perfect synchrony between species (asynchrony) have therefore been advocated as an important mechanism underlying biodiversity effects on stability. However, it is unclear to what extent existing measures of synchrony actually capture the signal of year-to-year species fluctuations in the presence of long-term directional trends in both species abundance and composition (species directional trends hereafter). Such directional trends may lead to a misinterpretation of indices commonly used to reflect year-toyear synchrony. Methods: An approach based on three-term local quadrat variance (T3) which assesses population variability in a three-year moving window, was used to overcome species directional trend effects. This "detrending" approach was applied to common indices of synchrony across a worldwide collection of 77 temporal plant community datasets comprising almost 7,800 individual plots sampled for at least six years. Plots included were either maintained under constant "control" conditions over time or were subjected to different management or disturbance treatments. Results: Accounting for directional trends increased the detection of year-to-year synchronous patterns in all synchrony indices considered. Specifically, synchrony values increased significantly in ~40% of the datasets with the T3 detrending approach while in ~10% synchrony decreased. For the 38 studies with both control and manipulated conditions, the increase in synchrony values was stronger for longer time series, particularly following experimental manipulation. Conclusions: Species' long-term directional trends can affect synchrony and stability measures potentially masking the ecological mechanism causing year-to-year This article is a part of the Special Feature

Questions:The majority of theories of trait-based plant community assembly have been developed and tested predominantly in terrestrial ecosystems. Studies investigating the functional trait composition of aquatic plant communities and their relation to environmental determinants remain scarce. Macrophytes are essential components of aquatic ecosystems, and a more detailed knowledge of their traitbased assembly is crucial for their management. We identified how plant functional traits respond to environmental gradients in streams and rivers.Location: Danube River Catchment, Hungary. Methods:We studied the processes governing community assembly along major environmental gradients related to carbon-and nutrient-limiting factors as well as physical strain. We used six continuous traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, seed weight, seed shape, woodiness) and calculated community-weighted mean and standardised effect size of functional diversity for each community. We then used stepwise regression analyses for each trait along the environmental gradients to test which environmental factors explain the changes in community-weighted mean and functional diversity. All analyses were conducted for aquatic (hydato-helophyte) and riverbank species separately. Results:We found that the effect of environmental filtering significantly increased toward higher pH, indicating the response of functional traits to carbon limitation.Our results showed trait convergence among riverbank species in rivers with higher productivity. Larger functional diversity (i.e., trait divergence) among hydato-helophyte species suggests an increase in the diversity of resource acquisition strategies under higher productivity. Conclusions: Here, we have shown that the functional trait distribution of aquatic and riverbank plant communities responds to major environmental drivers related to nutrient and carbon availability. The understanding of how community assembly mechanisms varied along environmental gradients might be useful when proposing future management and restoration plans and actions towards the conservation of the aquatic vegetation in streams and rivers. 472 | Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article. Appendix S1. Trait values of species used in the analyses. Appendix S2. Regression of effect sizes of hydrophyte (HH) species functional diversity (FDMPD) values along the temperature, current velocity, pH, soil variable, water chemistry variable and stream order gradients. Appendix S3. Regression of effect sizes of riverbank (RB) species functional diversity (FDMPD) values along the temperature, current velocity, pH, soil variable, water chemistry variable and stream order gradients. Appendix S4. Community-weighted mean (CWM) of hydrophyte (HH) species trait values along the temperature, current velocity, pH, soil variable, water chemistry variable and stream order gradients. Appendix S5. Community-weighted mean (CWM) of riverbank (RB) species...

Heat tolerance of photosystem II (PSII) was examined in Siberian flag (Iris sibirica L.) living in different microhabitats of a non-forested enclosed depression surface (doline) on the Bükk-plateau. Although the microclimatic parameters of the habitats with different facing sites show sharp contrasts, there was no significant difference between the heat tolerance of PSII in leaves of I. sibirica growing in these expositions neither in dark-nor in light-adapted state.

Kulcsszavak: edafi kus fás vegetáció, Gömör-Tornai-karszt, refúgium, töbrök növényzete, zóna-inverzió.Összefoglalás: Az Alsó-hegy a Gömör-Tornai-karszt szlovák-magyar országhatár menti részén található, a Bódva völgyéből meredeken kiemelkedő és több kilométer hosszan húzódó hegygerinc. Déli oldalán főként molyhos tölgyes és xerotherm cserjés társulások mozaikolnak nyílt és zárt sziklagyepekkel. Az Alsó-hegy Bódvaszilas felett emelkedő fennsíkjának (Vecsem-bükk) átlagos tengerszint feletti magassága ritkán haladja meg az 500 métert, ennek ellenére helyenként montán színezetű növényzettel találkozhatunk rajta. A gyertyános-tölgyesek (Carici pilosae-Carpinetum) övében sokszínűséget mutat a bükkösök és elegyes lombszintű sziklai erdőtípusok (Tilio-Acerion) megjelenése. A geomorfológiai mintázat, a karsztos felszín sajátosságaként megjelenő víznyelők és töbrök (dolinák) még színesebbé és változatosabbá teszik az amúgy sem egyhangú Vecsem-bükk növényzetét. A töbrök különböző összetételű erdőtársulásai úgy helyezkednek el a fennsík gyertyános-tölgyesében, mint mazsolák a mazsolás kalácsban. A különböző méretű, alakú és felszínű töbrök más és más erdőtársulásnak biztosítanak feltételeket. Edafi kus társulásként a töbrökben jelen van a szurdokerdő (Scolopendrio-Fraxinetum), a hársas-kőrises sziklaerdő (Tilio-Fraxinetum excelsioris) és a hűvös klímájú hársas törmeléklejtő-erdő (Mercuriali-Tilietum), illetve előfordulhat még a gyertyános-tölgyes (Carici pilosae-Carpinetum), vagy egyes esetekben a szubmontán bükkös (Melittio-Fagetum) is. BevezetésA mészkőből felépülő Gömör-Tornai-karszt igen gazdag felszíni és felszín alatti karsztjelenségekben, hazánk legismertebb barlangjai is itt találhatók. A területén alapították -elsősorban a karsztterületek védelme érdekében -az Aggteleki Nemzeti Parkot. Az Aggteleki-karszton, a Bódva-völgy felett meredeken emelkedik ki az egykori ártér szintjéből az Alsó-hegy. Több kilométer hosszan elnyúló kelet-nyugati irányú gerinc, melynek szélesebb (néhány 100 méteres) és keskenyebb szakaszai is vannak. Északról az országhatárral elválasztott plató ha-

Analysing temporal patterns in plant communities is extremely important to quantify the extent and the consequences of ecological changes, especially considering the current biodiversity crisis. Long-term data collected through the regular sampling of permanent plots represent the most accurate resource to study ecological succession, analyse the stability of a community over time and understand the mechanisms driving vegetation change. We hereby present the LOng-Term Vegetation Sampling (LOTVS) initiative, a global collection of vegetation time-series derived from the regular monitoring of vascular plants in permanent plots. With 79 datasets from five continents and 7789 vegetation time-series monitored for at least six years and mostly on an annual basis, LOTVS possibly represents the largest collection of temporally fine-grained vegetation time-series derived from permanent plots and made accessible to the research community. As such, it has an outstanding potential to support innovative research in the fields of vegetation science, plant ecology and temporal ecology.