Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is among the main crops of national agriculture and can be affected by several diseases. Aiming to develop alternative control methods to chemical control, it was verified the potential of the aqueous extract (AE) from Lentinula edodes in controlling common bean diseases and inducing resistance by the activation of defense enzymes such as peroxidase, catalase and polyphenoloxidase, in addition to evaluating production components. The field experiment consisted of 0, 5%, 10% or 20% acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and fungicide pyraclostrobin treatments as standard treatments. AE was effective in controlling anthracnose at 1% and 5% doses. The activity of all evaluated enzymes was higher at 12 and 24 hours after application of the treatments, with a concentration of 20% standing out. AE at this same dose increased the number of beans per pod and also yield. The aqueous extract of Lentinula edodes at a concentration of 20% is effective in inducing resistance, increasing enzyme levels and increasing yield.
The entomosporiosis is considered a major disease of pear in Brazil, one of the most responsible for premature defoliation in plants. The objective of this study was to characterize the susceptibility of pear tree cultivars Housui, Cascatense, Packam’s Triumph and Rocha for the intensity of leaf spot entomosporiosis. The experiment was conducted at the experimental orchard of the State University of the Midwest (Unicentro), Paraná State, Guarapuava County, Brazil during the 2013/2014 season. The incidence and severity were monitored during 77 days from the beginning of the symptoms in 25 leaves of 8 plants per cultivar. With these data the following variables were calculated: early onset of symptoms (EOS), maximum incidence and severity (Imax and Smax) and the Area Under the Incidence Progress Curve (AUIPC) and Severity (AUSPC). In addition, the data were checked for severity and the best adjustments for the monomolecular, logistic and exponential models were tested. From these results it is clear that all the studied cultivars are susceptible to leaf spot entomosporiosis, however, Housui pear cultivar presented higher endurance while Rocha and Cascatense cultivars presented greater susceptibility to this disease.
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