Este estudo teve o objetivo de identificar os principais padrões alimentares de professores de uma Universidade e associá-los a fatores socioeconômicos. A população foi composta por 734 docentes, sendo selecionada uma amostra que totalizou 147 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade de 22 a 50 anos acima. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o levantamento do consumo alimentar feito por recordatório de 24h. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados por análise fatorial por componentes principais, seguida de rotação ortogonal varimax. A adequação dos dados à análise fatorial foi confirmada por meio do coeficiente de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) e do teste de esfericidade de Barltlet para estimar as variáveis em relação aos padrões alimentares. Três padrões alimentares foram identificados: urbano, popular e tradicional regional. O padrão urbano teve maior adesão do fator tempo de ocupação e menor adesão do fator raça. O padrão popular teve maior associação do tempo de ocupação e menor associação à raça. O padrão tradicional regional maior evidência do fator raça e menor evidência do fator estado civil. O conhecimento das variáveis associadas aos padrões alimentares deste estudo poderá contribuir para o planejamento das ações de práticas saudáveis no público estudado.
This study aimed to evaluate the association between the eating patterns and the pre gestational obesity in pregnant women from Fortaleza, Ceará. The method used was a cross-sectional study with 401 pregnant women between 19 and 45 years old, treated in a hospital that is a reference in the care of risk pregnancy and in eight health units in Fortaleza, Ceará. Food consumption was investigated using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and the eating patterns were identified using factor analysis for main components, followed by Varimax orthogonal rotation. Obesity was measured according to the body mass index (BMI). Poisson Regression with robust estimation of variance was used to estimate the prevalence ratio of eating patterns in relation to pre gestational obesity, adjusted by sociodemographic variables. Four main eating patterns were identified: “healthy cearense”, “rich in protein”, “snacks” and “popular”. A higher adherence to the “healthy cearense” pattern was associated to a higher prevalence of pre gestational obesity (PR: 1,33; CI 95% 1,01-1,77), the greater adherence to the “popular” pattern was related to the lower prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity (PR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.51-0.92). It was concluded that there are four main food consumption patterns in the pregnant women from Fortaleza that were studied and the associations between the “healthy cearense” and “popular” patterns and pre gestational obesity were shown.
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