The experiences of transgender and non-binary children and young people and their parents in healthcare settings in England, UK: interviews with members of a family support group Background: Transgender and non-binary children and young people and their parents in England, UK are poorly served across a range of healthcare settings.Whilst UK equalities legislation and international guidance on transgender healthcare pathways protects this group from discrimination and mandates an affirmative approach, services in England are not keeping pace.
Aims:This study aims to draw on the experiences of transgender and non-binary children, young people and their parents in a support group in England in order to investigate their experiences of healthcare provision, and to develop some ideas for improvement.Method: Data was collected with participants in a family support group which offers a parent helpline service, social groups for children and parents, and training for schools and other organisations. 65 parents and children from 27 families from the family support group attended participatory workshops where they were given a range of briefs: "health", "family", "friends", and "education".Their participation involved being asked to define their own interview questions and collect data by interviewing each other. Their interview notes constituted the raw data. Data was coded inductively by the author with respondent checking as a second stage.
Results:Results constitute the views of a small group of people, so cannot be generalized. However, they can illustrate some of the issues which may arise.Participants' experiences elicited five key themes: professionals' perceived lack of clinical and therapeutic knowledge; mental distress caused by excessive
While research is increasing into binary trans identities in educational settings, young people identifying as non-binary have been little studied. We explore the school experiences of eight nonbinary teenagers aged 13-18. Our findings suggest that both the implicit and explicit curriculum are strongly binary, making it hard for non-binary young people to come out at school. Respondents had needed to educate themselves about gender identity and specifically about the possibility of non-binary identities, with little, if any, support from their schools. As non-binary identities were invisible at school, some did not feel safe there, and they came under pressure from both transphobic bullying and binary expectations of behaviour and self-presentation. Consequently, some respondents feared accessing any available provision for non-binary people, in case it outed them. Institutions should work harder to educate staff about non-binary identities, and non-binary young people should be involved in designing inclusive initiatives.
It's like my kid came back overnight": Experiences of trans and non-binary young people and their families seeking, finding and engaging with clinical care in England Background: Trans and non-binary children and young people in England, UK struggle to gain access to affirming clinical care, despite the international research evidence pointing towards this best practice approach. Concurrently, they are subject to constant discussion in UK national media and politics, where many negative assumptions are made about their needs, experiences and clinical provision. Their journey to seek appropriate care has not yet been documented. Aims: We trace the experiences of trans and non-binary children and youth and their families in their decision to seek, searches for and experiences with affirmative and non-affirmative clinical input for help with their gender. Method: 27 dyadic, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with trans and non-binary children and young people and their parents from 13 families. Results: The process of seeking support via National Health Service clinical routes in England, UK is beset with lengthy waiting lists, issues with geographical inaccessibility, a lack of relevant clinical knowledge, and a failure to recognise the value of family expertise. Family doctors provide contraceptive hormones in lieu of proper access to puberty blocking or gender affirming hormones, and most families resort to private care they can ill afford. Discussion: Training in gender identity and gender dysphoria is recommended for both family doctors, and children's mental health services. Gender identity development services could be decentralised, with local hubs offering more accessible support.
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