Introduction Few original studies have described prevalence and severity of clinical symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify all published studies on clinical manifestations of PCD patients, and to describe their prevalence and severity stratified by age and sex.

Two diphtheria outbreaks occurred in a Swiss asylum center from July to October 2022, one is still ongoing. Outbreaks mainly involved minors and included six symptomatic respiratory diphtheria cases requiring antitoxin. Phylogenomic analyses showed evidence of imported and local transmissions of toxigenic strains in respiratory and skin lesion samples. Given the number of cases (n = 20) and the large genetic diversity accumulating in one centre, increased awareness and changes in public health measures are required to prevent and control diphtheria outbreaks.

Floral traits are frequently used in tradition al plant systematics beca use of their assumed constancy. One potential reason for th e apparent constancy of flower size is that effective pollen transfer between flowers depends on the accuracy of the physical fit between the flower and pollinator. Therefore, flowers are likely to be under stronger stabili zing selection for uniform size than vegetative plant parts. Moreover, as pred icted by the pollinator-mediated stabil izing selection (PMSS) hypothes is, an accurate fit between fl owers and their poll inators is li ke ly to be more important for specia li zed pollination systems as found in many species with bilatera lly symmetri c (zygomorph ic) flowers than for species with radially symmetric (actinomorphic) flowers. Methods In a comparative study of 15 zygomorphic and 13 actinomorphic species in Switzerland, we tested whether variation in flower size, among and within individuals, is smaller than variation in leaf size and whether variation in flower size is smaller in zygomorphic compared to actinomorphi c species. Oil a definite part of the pollinator's body (e.g. Nilsson 1988). An important step e nabling the evolution of speciali zed