The European eel is a panmictic species, whose decline has been recorded since the last 30 years. Among human-induced environmental factors of decline, the impact of water dams during species migration is questioned. Indeed, water impoundments can be a severe obstacle for young eels trying to reach the upstream freshwater zones, even if they are equipped with fish-friendly passes. The passage by such devices could be an important event shaping the outcome of the future life and life history traits of eels. We studied what phenotypic traits were associated with the event of experience of passage by water obstacles. We analyzed specific enzyme activities and/or gene transcription levels in the muscle and brain to test whether the obstacle passage is rather a physical or cognitive task. We found that after a long period of maintenance under homogenous conditions, transcription levels of several genes linked to synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and thyroid activity differed among the field-experience groups. In contrast, muscle gene transcription levels or enzymatic activities did not show any differences among fish groups. We suggest that cognitive processes such as learning and memory acquisition rather than swimming-related metabolic capacities are involved in passage of water obstacles by young eels.
Ce livre est issu d'un projet de recherche postdoctoral soutenu par le Fond National Suisse (n. 100015_156350/1) et mené à l'Institut romand des sciences bibliques de l'Université de Lausanne, sous la supervision de Christophe Nihan. Je lui suis infiniment reconnaissante pour la confiance qu'il m'a accordée, pour son généreux soutien ainsi que pour ses efforts pour garantir un financement au projet. Le temps qu'il a dédié à discuter chacune des idées contenues dans le livre et à en planifier avec moi la structure a amélioré la qualité de mon travail d'une manière que je n'aurais jamais imaginée possible. En lui, j'ai découvert un modèle d'excellence scientifique qui est source permanente d'inspiration.Je remercie vivement les éditeurs des Supplements au Journal for the Study of Judaism, René Bloch et Karina Martin Hogan, pour avoir accepté mon manuscrit, les deux lecteurs anonymes pour leurs remarques constructives, Marjolein van Zuylen pour son assistance dans la préparation de la version finale de la publication. La finalisation du manuscrit a bénéficié du soutien financier de l'Institut romand des sciences bibliques et du Centre interdisciplinaire en histoire et sciences des religions de l'Université de Lausanne. En outre, une bourse de recherche de la Société Académique Vaudoise (2014)(2015) m'a permis de perfectionner mes compétences sur la Septante lors d'un semestre de recherche à Paris et d'un séjour à Göttingen. Je suis très reconnaissante envers ces institutions. Je tiens également à remercier mes collègues de l'Université de Lausanne qui, pendant ces années, ont contribué au développement du projet par leurs commentaires, suggestions bibliographiques, relectures :
This paper was presented in May 2018 at the Oxford Seminar in Advanced Jewish Studies "Greek Expanded, Greek Transformed: the Septuagint and the Cultural World of the Translators". It is my pleasure to thank the conveners and all the participants in the seminar for their stimulating questions and the fruitful discussions. Special thanks are also due to Doralice Fabiano, Christophe Nihan and Scott Scullion for their useful remarks, to the anonymous readers for their suggestions, and to Julia Rhyder for her careful revision of my English.
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