This article examines the efficiency of electricity retail distributors in Sweden in a multiple output multiple input framework. Productive efficiency measures are calculated by use of different versions of the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Comparisons are made between different types of ownership and between different types of service areas.The study indicates a rather low level of technical efficiency, a high level of scale efficiency in urban service areas, but a fairly low level of scale efficiency in rural arcas. The results show no significant differences in efficiency between different types of ownership or economic organization.
Event history analysis is used to examine the process of becoming a full professor of economics in Sweden. The data encompass 256 Swedish doctors' dissertations in economics between 1951 and 1989. A piecewise constant exponential model is specified for the transition risk of becoming a full professor. The risk decreases with age at the defense of a doctoral thesis and increases with the current popularity of the chosen topic and with the number of times appointed faculty opponent. There is no indication of individual-specific unobserved heterogeneity in the preferred model.
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