Solid supported membrane systems have been established as biomimetic architectures, which allow for the systematic investigation of various membrane-related processes. Especially tethered bilayer lipid membranes have been a successful concept. They consist of a lipid bilayer that is covalently anchored to a solid substrate through a spacer group. The submembrane part, which is defined by the spacer group, is important especially for the biological activity of incorporated membrane proteins. Anchor lipids with different spacer and anchor groups have been synthesized, and the resulting membrane structures have been investigated by neutron reflectivity. The different molecular architectures had a significant effect on both the amount of water incorporated in the spacer region and the electrical properties of the bilayer. A detailed understanding of the structure-function relationship allows for an optimized design of the molecular architecture with respect to possible applications, for example an optimized protein incorporation.
The present special issue of Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics contains all peer-reviewed contributions to the proceedings of this conference.NPA3 is the third conference in the Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics series of conferences devoted to the interplay between nuclear physics and astrophysics. The first and second editions of the series were held in 2002 and 2005 in Debrecen, Hungary. NPA3 has been organized under the auspices of the Nuclear Physics Board of the European Physical Society as its XXI Divisional Conference.
Soy milk is a highly stable emulsion, the stability being mainly due to the presence of oleosomes or oil bodies, spherical structures filled with triacylglycerides (TAGs) and surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids and proteins called oleosins. For oleosomes purified from raw soymilk, surface pressure investigations and Brewster angle microscopy have been performed to unveil their adsorption, rupture and structural changes over time at different subphase conditions (pH, ionic strength). Such investigations are important for (industrial) food applications of oleosomes, but are also useful for the understanding of the general behavior of proteins and phospholipids at interfaces. In addition a better comprehension of the highly stable oleosomes can lead to advancements in liposome manufacturing, e.g., for storage and transport applications. Although oleosomes have their origin in food systems, their unique stability and physical behavior show transferable characteristics which lead to a much better understanding of the description of any kind of emulsion. This study is one of the first steps toward the comparison of natural emulsification concepts based on different physical structures: e.g., the animals' low density lipoproteins, where apolipoproteins with phospholipids are located only at the interface and plant oleosomes with its oleosins, which are embedded in a phospholipid monolayer and reach deep inside the oil phase.
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