Over the years, the rise in the fuel prices has lead the adulteration market to develop new techniques for blending the inferior adulterants into the highly taxed petroleum products. Despite of various adulteration monitoring techniques existing in place, this illegal practice of profit making by using subsidized fuels as adulterants still persists. The emission from consumption of such adulterated fuels has contributed to the global Air pollution and various health hazards linked to it. This calls for the ease and precision of monitoring techniques. This study reviews the use of emerging fields of technology like microfluidics, metamaterial, microfabrication and fiber optics to develop Adulteration detection systems for Diesel which provides higher sensitivity and portability as compared to the existing lab based methods. Also, experimentation results measuring density of the fuel suggests adulteration above 16.66% is unacceptable.
Wide spectrum of research for application-based solutions has grown due to the requirement of automation of general electrical appliances. A low-cost solution is presented in this paper to control DC motor using Bluetooth module and controlled by an ARM processor. The main objective here is to build an efficient closed loop system which is wirelessly controlled by ARM processor 2103 using Bluetooth module and Bluetooth dongle. The system suggested here is expandable and can be integrated with latest technologies as well. The paper gives the details of the prototype for home automation system and gives the expected results with 0.1% tolerance. It also suggests the ways to integrate this system with the mobile phones and hence control the devices with the mobile handsets. The vibration frequency of the DC motor is used to generate electrical potential using MEMS tecnonlogy. A novel idea of self powered DC motor is thus presented by installing MEMS based energy harvester on the motor shaft.
Dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) are advantageous due to their small size, high radiation efficiency, ease of excitation, and minimal metallic losses. Enhancing the gain of DRA will make them suitable for a variety of applications such as wireless communication technology. High-gain antennas are required for wireless communication to overcome the difficulties of high path loss. The researchers have presented numerous techniques, including stacked DRA, DRA array, and higher-order mode excitation for enhancing the gain. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the state of art techniques and geometries including stacking, frequency-selective surfaces superstrate, electromagnetic band gap structures, hybrid techniques, arrays, etc., for increasing DRA gain. Techniques to improve other parameters like bandwidth and radiation efficiency along with gain are also discussed. The challenges in each technique and the possible applications are presented. Based on the studies, it is observed that the DRA array technique is suitable for obtaining gains up to 19 dBi for radar-based applications. For low-profile DRA requirements, hybrid DRAs prove prolific in enhancing gain up to 16 dBi.
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