This paper illustrates a 2.4 GHz low noise amplifier (LNA) designed for use in RF receiver system for radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). The design has been made in 90 nm technology using CMOS. The proposed LNA design uses common source configuration with inductive degeneration technique. This technique provide high linearity The simulation result shows that total power consumed is 15.6mW only at low supply voltage of 1.5 V. This amplifier provides a forward gain of with a low noise figure of 0.58dB. The input return loss (S11) is-9.6dB and output return loss (S22) is-2.2dB respectively. This amplifier provides a forward gain of 11dB at 2.4 GHz.
The research paper pays attention related to the management of soil salinity assessment in the Galgotias University, Crop Cafeteria, located in Greater Noida, District Gautam Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. The research work analyzes the chemical, physical and biological properties of the soil quality assessment, before and after the reclamation to find out the feasible way to indulgence saline soils. The soil pH in 2018 was 8.75 which after three years of crop nurturing and reclamation efforts reduced to pH 8.0. The soil organic carbon was too low in the year 2018 and it was reported 0.27, 0.35, 0.39 and 0.45 % in the year 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 respectively which is positive sign for reclamation. The soil quality was improved through the scientific and traditional procedure using cow dung manure, vermicompost, neem cake, gypsum and grow green manure (Sesbania bisponosa) and found the improvement in the soil structure, size patterns and agriculture productivity.
In this paper we illustrate the retiming technique to reduce the iteration period and to minimize the registers. So by this technique computation time is reduced for processors and fast speed is achieved. This is used in real time implementation to optimize performance. Shortest path algorithm such as Bellman ford and Floyd Warshall are used in retiming. These retiming techniques are explained in quantitative manner and the results are given thereafter. Retiming helps in reducing switching time. Minimization of the registers through retiming can help in reducing memory requirement and also reduce the requirement of area. And thereafter power consumption is also reduced due to less area and less switching time as given by the equation of dynamic power.
In this paper we illustrate generation of electricity through speed breakers. Here we used a technique of harvesting energy by three mechanisms-Rack and pinion mechanism, Crank and shaft mechanism, Roller mechanism. In this paper we have used roller mechanism. This technique is beneficial to those areas where generation of electricity is a difficult task. When a vehicle moves over the speed breakers its kinetic energy which is due its speed, friction between road and its wheels, heat developed during motion and energy of wind striking is given to roller attached beneath it. Then the roller passes the energy to spring and spring passes it to dynamo which converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. This electrical energy is in the form of DC and we used inverter which converts DC into AC. Large amount of electricity can be generated saving lot of money and if implemented will be very beneficial for Government.
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