Numerical investigations have been carried out for a postulated enclosure fire scenario instigated due to methanol pool ignition in a chemical cleaning facility. The pool fire under consideration is radiation-dominated and poses a risk to the nearby objects if appropriate safety requirements are not met. The objective of the current study was to numerically evaluate the postulated fire scenario and provide safety recommendations to prevent/minimize the hazard. To do this, the fire scenario was first modeled using the finite volume method (FVM) based solver to predict the fire characteristics and the resulting changes inside the enclosure. The FDS predicted temperatures were then used as input boundary conditions to conduct a three-dimensional heat transfer analysis using the finite element method (FEM). The coupled FVM–FEM simulation approach enabled detailed three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer analysis. The proposed FVM–FEM coupled approach to analyze the fire dynamics and heat transfer will be helpful to safety engineers in carrying out a more robust and reliable fire risk assessment.
Abstract-Wireless sensor networks provide a significant contribution to the emerging field such as ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence. Due to the inherent property of WSN, it is most vulnerable for reliability. In literature, most of the authors concern about network longevity and ignore fault tolerance. In this dissertation, we present an energy-efficient fault tolerable routing protocol (EEFT) mechanism for WSN. The major novelty of this work is that sensor nodes can send their data to alternate path during a fault. The energy efficient can be achieves using clustering protocol for routing. The subordinate for each cluster help to tolerate faults occurred in the proximity. The cluster head nodes in proximity propagate aggregated data to base station. The simulation results show that the proposed approach yields better performance than the existing methods. It has observed that the proposed protocol EEFT has better energy utilization than existing EE-LEACH and FTREEP protocols. The EEFT protocol also has better packet delivery ratio than FTEERP; it increased up to 53.60%.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.